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RUSSIA adv SECTION 6 > 1. GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR AND IMPACT > Flashcards

1. GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR AND IMPACT Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT WAS OPERATION BARBAROSA

A
  • german invasion of the ussr
  • intended to win a decisive victory in a matter of weeks well before the onset of winter
  • the invasion was originally planned for june 1st but was delayed following the nazi invasion of yugolavia
  • invasion forces split between three huge army groups one heading towards leningrad, one of into ukraine and towards moscow
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2
Q

WHAT WAS STALINS IMMEDIATE REACTION

A
  • Stalin had no direct action in the spring to prepare for German invasion because he was worried if he increased defence it would provoke attack
  • Stalin did nothing when the Germans first attacked, two weeks before he spoke publicly about the invasion
  • Stalin’s speech on 3 july stressed themes of patriotism religion and unity, he called on all the peoples of the USSR to join a patriotic war against fascism
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3
Q

WHY WAS POOR LEADER AN ISSUE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF THE WAR

A
  • stalin indecsive
  • soviet army had inexpeirenced commisars (stalin had removed the most experienced officers in his military purges of 1937)
  • stalin refused to allow his southern armies to retreat from kiev until it was too late. brought massive defeat in the south in spetember 1941
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4
Q

WHAT HAPPENED IN STAGE 1 OF THE WAR

A
  • soviet Russia struggled to survive against successive German offensive, suffering massive losses of people and terrority
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5
Q

WHAT HAPPENED IN STAGE 2 OF THE WAR

A
  • soviet Russia stabilised its war effort built a power house war economy and halted German advances
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6
Q

WHAT HAPPENED IN STAGE 3 OF THE WAR

A
  • soviet armies moved on to the offensive, recapturing vast areas that had been occupied and finally defeating the germans
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7
Q

WHAT WAS THE TURNING POINT FOR STAGE 1 OF THE WAR

A

18 OCT 1941- intelliegence reports from japan allowed stalin to bring back troops back from siberbia to defend moscow, this plus bad wetaher conditions meants german capture of moscow was avoided

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8
Q

WHAT WERE THE KEY DATES AND DETAILS IN STAGE 1 OF THE WAR

A
  • 8 SEP 41- seige of leningrad begins
  • 5 DEC- german advance of moscow halts, the first sign of german hesitation in the war
  • 23 AUG- bombardment of stalingrad begins
  • 3 millions German troops invaded Ussr in 1941
  • German advance swift huge losses for soviets (665k troops captured at Kiev)
  • hitler ignored soviet peace offer in october
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9
Q

WHAT WAS THE TURNING POINT IN STAGE 2 OF THE WAR

A
  • 2ND FEB 43
  • hitler made error in refusing to pull his troops out of Stalingrad, defeat of his sixth army a military and psychological disaster for the Germans
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10
Q

WHAT WERE THE KEY DATES AND DETAILS OF STAGE 2 OF THE WAR

A
  • 2 FEB 43- surrendur of german sixth army at stalingrad
  • 12 JULY - battle of prokhorovka
  • 13 july- kursk offensive called off
  • the war was turning into a war of attrition and Hitler did not have the resources to compete
  • mass production of the t34 tank was central to the soviet success in the battle of prokhorvka
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11
Q

WHAT WAS THE TURNING POINT IN STAGE 3 OF THE WAR

A
  • JULY 12TH 43
  • soviet victory at prokhorovka was a spring board for soviet counterattacks, start of soviet offensive that eventually won the war
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12
Q

WHAT WERE THE KEY DATES AND DETAILS OF STAGE 3 OF THE WAR

A
  • 6 NOV 43- liberation of kiev
  • 28 NOV- tehran summit
  • 4 JAN 44- soviet troops enter poland
  • 27 jan - seige of lenigrad ends
  • from aug 43 there was a chain of soviet victories across eastern europe but the germans resilient defenders and it took until april 1945 for the red army to reach berlin
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13
Q

WHAT WAS THE USSR LIKE UNDER OCCUPATION AND THE FIGHT BACK

A
  • soviet ravaged by the war, first by the huge destruction by Germany and then by the soviet scorched earth tactics as the red army retreated
  • civilian life relentlessly harsh, food, fuel and shelter were all in short supply, many factories, hospitals, houses destroyed
  • 12 million civillians died in war, of those alive in the ussr when the war started, 1 in 8 were dead. 1700 towns and 70000 villages destroyted
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14
Q

HOW DID GERMAN BRUTALITY AND REPRESSION CONTRIBUTE TO THE SUFFERING

A
  • thousands of soviets soldiers held as prisoners of war
  • thousands of soviet workers conscripted to work in war factories
  • captured soviet commissars executed immediately
  • vicious reprisals against partisans
  • massacres and deportations of jews
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15
Q

HOW DID THE SOVIETS BRUTALITY AND REPRESSION CONTRIBUTE TO THE SUFFERING

A
  • thousands arrested or executed as slackers and deserters
  • 170,000 military personnel executed for treason
  • harsh treatment of people from liberated western areas
  • harsh treatment of returned prisoners of war
  • mass deportation of ethnic minoirties
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16
Q

WHAT WERE THE UNDERLYING FACTORS OF THE SOVIET FIGHTBACK

A
  • fear and hatred of the Germans
  • deep patriotism in defending the motherland
  • underlying faith in stalin and the defense against facism
17
Q

WHAT WAS RAPID MOBILISATION

A
  • In the early stages of the war, stalins errors lost millions of men and equiptment, howvere he increased mobilisation rapidly
  • the red army has 4.8 mil soldiers in 41, conscription to the red army over the course of war added 29.5 million
  • massive conscription major strength of ussr
18
Q

HOW DID STALIN IMPROVE MILITARY RESOURCES

A
  • during 42, ussr began to build huge industrial base for war production, especially guns tanks and aircrafts
  • centrally controlled command economy proved to be particularly effective during wartime, helping ussr to produce the resource it needed
  • huge improvements were made to military vehicles (such as tanks and aircraft) and to military tactics
  • ussr could withstand the loss of t-34 tanks as they had the capacity to build thousands more
19
Q

WHAT WAS THE EVACUATION OF INDUSTRY

A
  • german invasion destroyed basic of soviet economy in both industry and agriculture.
  • soviet industry was relocated from western areas tp the urals and further east, beyond the reach of german bombs
  • whole factories were dismantled and moved, together with equiptment and workers, via 20,000 trains to the east, e.g 500 factories moved from moscow
20
Q

WHAT WAS FOREIGN AID

A
  • was vast
  • huge quantities of armaments, industrial goods and foodstuffs were transported to the Ussr from the USA, 300000 us tanks supplied via lend lease
  • USSR downplayed the scale of foreign aid, however its a clear factor in how Ussr able to mobilise for total war and recover from their heavy losses

RUSSIA adv SECTION 6 (3 decks)

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