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ImmunoSero > (1) History of Immunology (RVSP) > Flashcards

(1) History of Immunology (RVSP) Flashcards

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0
Q

Used by Chinese as a form of immunization

A

Dried powders from the crusts of smallpox lesions

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1
Q

Practiced inhalation of dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions

A

Chinese

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2
Q

Wrote an account on anthrax

A

Virgil

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3
Q

Outlined the symptoms of tetanus

A

Hippocrates

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4
Q

Practice of applying powdered smallpox crusts and inserting them with a pin into the skin

A

Variolation

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5
Q

Popularized variolation

A

Mary Wortley Mantagu

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6
Q

Year when immunology began

A

1796

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7
Q

Founding Father of Immunology

A

Edward Jenner

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8
Q

Best known for his experiments on smallpox vaccine

A

Edward Jenner

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9
Q

Began a pathway of discovery of the immune system, how it works and how it can be exploited to the benefit of man

A

Edward Jenner

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10
Q

Year when vaccination spread

A

1885

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11
Q

Developed vaccination

A

Louis Pasteur

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12
Q

Discovered how to prepare attenuated disease-causing microbes as vaccines against cholera, anthrax and rabies

A

Louis Pasteur

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13
Q

Worked on anaphylaxis

A

Charles Richet and Paul J. Portier

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14
Q

First to demonstrate that the protective effects of the immune system could also cause great damage to the body

A

Charles Richet

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15
Q

First to observe cellular phagocytosis

A

Elie Metchnikoff

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16
Q

Put forward first the idea of antibodies as molecular chains on the surface of cells

A

Paul Ehrlich

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17
Q

Discovered that antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus poisons could be given to patients to cure them from these diseases

A

Emil von Behring

Shibasaburo Kitasato

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18
Q

Awarded the first Nobel Prize for Medicine for his work in serum therapy

A

Emil von Behring

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19
Q

Developed a way to make pure cultures of bacteria

A

Robert Koch

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20
Q

Discovered cholera bacterium

A

Robert Koch

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21
Q

Identified the bacillus that causes TB and described the host response to it

A

Robert Koch

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22
Q

Discovered that complement was involved in lysis of red cells and was fixed by antibody in immune reactions, leading to bacteria being killed

A

Jules Bourdet

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23
Q

His findings were later used to develop a test for syphilis

A

Jules Bourdet

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24
Discovered ABO blood groups
Karl Landsteiner
25
Discovered Rhesus factor
Karl Landsteiner
26
Developed drugs which block the action of histamine
Daniel Bovet
27
Found that many unpleasant symptoms of allergy are caused by histamine
Daniel Bovet
28
Showed that yellow fever is caused by a virus
Max Theiler
29
Discovered that yellow fever virus grown in culture weakened the strain that it would not cause disease, it acts as a vaccine
Max Theiler
30
They were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work in immunological tolerance and cellular immunity
F. Macfarlane Burnet | Peter Medawar
31
Their work focused on lymphocytes as the key players in the immune response
F. Macfarlane Burnet | Peter Medawar
32
They described the chemical structure of antibody molecules
Rodney Porter | Gerald Edelman
33
Discovered the association of autoantibodies with insulin-resistant diabetes
Rosalind Yallow | Soloman Berson
34
Developed a very sensitive method for measuring the concentration of hormones in the blood using specific antibodies and a radioactive antigen
Rosalind Yallow
35
Method developed by Rosalind Yallow
Immunoassay
36
They demonstrated the importance of the genes which govern the antigen presenting molocules on cell surfaces: MHC genes
Baruj Benacerraf George Snell Jean Dausset
37
Controls the immune response to infection and are also very important in transplant rejection
Major histocompatibility complex genes
38
They were recognized for the development of the technique for making monoclonal antibodies
Cesar Milstein | George Kohler
39
Had the idea of antigens selecting the appropriate antibody-bearing cells
Niels K. Jerne
40
They recieved the Nobel Prize for their work on transplantation immunology
E. Donal Thomas | Joseph Murray
41
Worked in the organization of antibody genes and demonstrated how so many antibody patterns could be produced by such a limited number of genes
Susumu Tonegawa
42
His ideas were important in understanding the structure and formation of the T cell receptor
Susumu Tonegawa
43
First demonstrated that antigen processing was first necessary for T cells to recognize an antigen
Emil Unanue
44
Responsible for the discoveries relating to antigen processing by macrophages
Emil Unanue
45
Introduced phagocytosis
Baruj Benacerraf
46
Demonstrated that MHC genes could control the ability of an animal to mount an immune response to a specific epitope
Baruj Benacerraf
47
First to demonstrate that the thymus played a significant role in the development of the immune response
Dr. Jacques Miller
48
Demonstrated that antigen was either trapped on macrophages or on the surface of dendritic cells
Dr. Gus Nossal
49
Showed that an antigen, when appropriately presented, caused some lymphocytes to develop into plasma cells
Dr. Gus Nossal
50
Discovered the antiviral substance they called 'interferon'
Alic Isaacs | Jean Lindenmann
51
Awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on the structure of antibodies
Rodney Porter
52
First to use bone marrow allografts to treat leukemia patients
Donnal Thomas
53
Devised a way of increasing Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in hispatients in a form of septic shock
William Coley
54
Performed the first recorded form of tumor immunotherapy
William Coley
55
Able to isolate a retrovirus from a non-immunodeficient homosexual with lymphadenopathy
Luc Montaigner
56
Studied the structure of IgA in saliva and demonstrated that the IgA was locally synthesized in the salivary glands
Dr. Thomas Tomasi
57
Increased our understanding of the mechanisms in allergy and anaphylaxis by analyzing these products
Frank Austen
58
Provided the experimental basis for understanding tolerance
Ray Owen
59
Observed that some nonidentical twin cattle were incapable of an immune response against their nonidentical sibling
Ray Owen
60
Early pioneer in the study of the human major histocompatibility complex
Jean Dausset
61
Discovered that adaptive immunity is mediated by lymphocytes
James Gowans
62
Developed the quantitative precipitin assay
Michael Heidelberger
63
Postulated the cellular origin of antibodies
Paul Ehrlich
64
Formulated the side chain theory of antibody formation
Paul Ehrlich
65
Observed humoral or circulating factors called opsonins
Almoth Wright
66
Discovered delayed hypersensitivity
Clemens von Pirquet
67
Formulated the genetic theory of tumor transplantation
Clarence Little
68
Provided evidence that antibodies are gamma globulins
Arne Tiselius | Elvin Kabat
69
Introduce flourescence labeling of antibodies
Albert Coons
70
Introduced adjuvants
Jules Freund
71
Used skin grafts to show that tolerance is an acquired characteristic of the lymphoid cells, a key feature of the clonal selection theory
Peter Medawar
72
Worked out the genetics on murine MHC and generated the congenic strains needed for its biologic analysis
George Snell
73
Discovered immunoglobulins as 'transporteurs'
Pierre Grabar
74
Developed precipitin test in gels and the idotypes
Jacques Ouidin
75
Developed double immunodiffusion test in gels
Orjan Ouchterlony | Stephen Elek
76
Discovered plasma cells as antibody-producing cells
Astrud Fargaeus
77
Provided experimental evidence of acquired immunologic tolerance
Milan Hasek
78
Made discoveries about the structure of immunoglobulins, the first complete sequence of antibody molecule
Gerald Edelman
79
Discovered IgE as reaginic antibody
Kimishige Ishizaka
80
Discovered that the bursa of Fabricius is responsible for generating the cells capable of making antibodies (B cells)
Noel Warmer

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