1. Homeostasis, Anatomical terms and Body systems

Question 1

Define Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of body structures and their relationships to each other.

Question 2

Define Physiology

Answer 2

Study of how the body normally functions e.g non diseased state

Question 3

Organism

Answer 3

Living being

Question 4

System

Answer 4

Consists of related organs with a common function

Question 5

Organ

Answer 5

Structure composed of two or more types of tissue

Question 6

Tissues

Answer 6

Groups of cells and the material around them

Question 7

Cells

Answer 7

Basic structural and functional unit of organisms

Question 8

6 levels of structural organisation in the human body

Answer 8

1. Chemical level
2. Cellular level
3. Tissue level
4. Organ level
5. Organ system level
6. Organism level

Question 9

11 systems of the human body

Answer 9

1. Nervous system
2. Respiratory system
3. Skeletal System
4. Endocrine system (hormones)
5. Cardiovascular system
6. Digestive system
7. Urinary system
8. Lymphatic/immune system
9. Integumentary system (skin, hair, nails)
10. Reproductive system
11. Muscular system

Question 10

Anatomical position

Answer 10

Body standing up straight
Palms facing forwards
Limbs extending
Thumbs directed outwardly

Question 11

Prone vs Supine

Answer 11

Prone - lying face down

Supine - lying face upwards (s=sky)

Question 12

Superior (cranial) vs Inferior (caudal)

Answer 12

Superior - towards the head. e.g the heart is superior to the liver

Inferior - further from the head. e.g the stomach is inferior to the lungs

Question 13

Posterior (dorsal) vs Anterior (ventral)

Answer 13

Posterior - towards the back of the body.

Anterior - towards the front of the body

Question 14

Proximal vs Distal

Answer 14

Proximal - nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk. e.g the humerus is proximal to the radius

Distal - farther from to the attachment of a limb to the trunk. e.g the phalanges are distal to the carpals

Question 15

Midline

Answer 15

Line that divides the body lengthways into two

Question 16

Medial

Answer 16

Closer to the midline. e.g the ulna is medial to the radius

Question 17

Lateral

Answer 17

Further from midline. e.g the radius is lateral to the heart

Question 18

Superficial vs Deep

Answer 18

Superficial - towards the surface of the body. e.g the ribs are superficial to the lungs

Deep - away from the surface of the body.

Question 19

Sagittal plane

Answer 19

Divides the body into equal right and left halves

Question 20

Frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 20

Divides body into anterior and posterior portions

Question 21

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Answer 21

Divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Question 22

What are body cavities and what do they do?

Answer 22

Are spaces located within the body that help protect, separate and support internal organs.
Separated by bones, muscles and ligaments

Question 23

Thoracic cavity

Answer 23

Encircled by the ribs, muscles of the chest, the sternum and thoracic portion of the vertebral column

Question 24

Cavities in the thoracic cavity

Answer 24

Pericardial
Pleural
Mediastinum

Question 25

Pericardial cavity

Answer 25

A fluid filled space that contains the heart

Question 26

Pleural cavities

Answer 26

Two fluid filled cavities on either side of the thoracic cavity each containing a lung

Question 27

Mediastinum

Answer 27

Central portion of the thoracic cavity

Question 28

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 28

Extends from the diaphragm (top) to the groin (bottom) | Surrounded by the abdominal wall and the bones and muscles of the pelvis

Question 29

Cavities in the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 29

Abdomincal | Pelvic

Question 30

Abdominal cavity

Answer 30

Contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallballder, small/large intestine

Question 31

Pelvic cavity

Answer 31

Contains the bladder, portions of the large intestine and internal portions of the reproductive organs

Question 32

Viscera

Answer 32

A term that refers to all organs located within both the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 33

Serous membranes

Answer 33

Thin, slippery, double layered membranes that cover the viscera of the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 34

Parts of the serous membranes

Answer 34

Parietal layer Visceral layer Serous fluid

Question 35

Parietal layer

Answer 35

Lines the wall of cavity

Question 36

Visceral cavity

Answer 36

Attaches to and covers the outside of the organs within the cavity

Question 37

Serous fluid

Answer 37

reduces the friction between two layers. e.g when lungs inflate and deflate during breathing

Question 38

Peritoneum

Answer 38

Serous membrane within the abdominal cavity

Question 39

Within peritoneum

Answer 39

Visceral peritoneum | Parietal peritoneum

Question 40

Visceral peritoneum

Answer 40

Serous membrane layer that covers surface of abdominal viscera

Question 41

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 41

Serous membrane layer stuck to the inside of the abdominal wall

Question 42

Retroperitoneum

Answer 42

Organs located between the peritoneum and posterior portion of the abdominal wall. e.g kidneys, pancreas

Question 43

Body regions

Answer 43

Abdominopelvic quadrants | Abdominopelvic regions

Question 44

Abdominopelvic quadrants

Answer 44

Method used to divide the abdominopelvic cavity, describing site of pain: 1. right upper quadrant 2. right lower quadrant 3. Left upper quadrant 4. left lower quadrant

Question 45

Abdominopelvic regions

Answer 45

Upper regions Middle regions Lower regions

Question 46

Upper regions (hypochondriac)

Answer 46

1. Right hypochondriac region 2. Epigastric region 3. Left hypochondriac region

Question 47

Middle regions (lumbar)

Answer 47

4. Right lumbar region 5. Umbilical region 6. Left lumbar region

Question 48

Lower regions (iliac)

Answer 48

7. Right iliac region 8. Hypogastric region 9. Left iliac region

Question 49

6 characteristics of living organisms

Answer 49

1. Metabolism 2. Response 3. Movement 4. Growth 5. Differentiation 6. reproduce

Question 50

Define homeostasis

Answer 50

The maintenance of relatively stable conditions within the internal environment

Question 51

Basic components of a feedback loop

Answer 51

Receptor Control centre Effector

Question 52

Negative feedback loop

Answer 52

e.g body temperature

Question 53

Positive feedback loop

Answer 53

e.g childbirth