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M4 Pharm B2 > 1 - Hypothalamus and Pituitary Hormones > Flashcards

1 - Hypothalamus and Pituitary Hormones Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones (6)

A
  1. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
  2. Dopamine
  3. Growh hormone-releasing hormone
  4. Somatostatin
  5. GnRH
  6. Corticotropin-releasing hormone
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2
Q

Pineal Gland Hormone (1)

A

Melatonin

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3
Q

Anterior Pituitary Hormones Saying (and growth hormone fact)

A

FLAT PI*G

Growth hormone: ANABOLIC HORMONE (protein synthesis and breaks down fat); stimulates liver to secrete IGF-1, which acts on bones for growth

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4
Q

Posterior Pituitary Hormones

A

Oxytocin

Vasopressin

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5
Q

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1/Somatomedin C) Drugs (2) and Type (1)

A

Somatropin

Somatrem

Recombinant human GH (rhGH) and comes from liver mainly, kidney and bones

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6
Q

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1/Somatomedin C): Use - a

A

GH deficiency states

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7
Q

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1/Somatomedin C): Use -b (Class and Syndromes, *4)

A

Pediatric patients with short stature

Prader-Willi Syndrome (AD) : deletion in Chromosome 15 from father’s side

Noonan’s Syndrome (AD): mutations in genes in signal conduction pathway (MAP/RAS pathway)

*Turner Syndrome (45, XO): Require growth hormone, estrogen (puberty) , and progestins (menstruation)

Chronic Renal Failure/C Kidney Disease: no deficiency of GH, but could be resistance

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8
Q

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1/Somatomedin C): Use - c AND d

A

c - AIDS wasting (a catabolic condition)

d - Anti-aging programs

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9
Q

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1/Somatomedin C): Mecasermin Defined (2) and Side Effects (1)

A

Recombinant human IGH-1 (rhIGF-1)

Treatment of severe IGF-1 deficiency (when GH is normal)

Can cause hypoglycemia (need to have rich meal before taking med)

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10
Q

Growth Hormone Antagonists: Drugs (2)

A

Somatostatin (not used clinically, very short duration of action)

Octreotide

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11
Q

Growth Hormone Antagonists: Uses (2)

A

Gigantism (before epiphyseal fusion)

Acromegaly (after epiphyseal fusion)

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12
Q

Growth Hormone Antagonists: Other Uses (7)

A

Hormone secreting tumors –> Carcinoid syndrome, Gastrinoma

VIPoma –> Watery diarrhea, Hypokalemia , Achlorhydria (WDHA) Syndrome

Diabetic diarrhea

Bleeding esophageal varices

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13
Q

Growth Hormone Antagonists: Pegvisomant (Use)

A

Used in acromegaly (prevents action of GH to its receptor)

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14
Q

Gonadotropins: FSH like Drugs (3)

A

urofollitropin (uFSH) –> urine of postmenopausal women

Follitropin alpha and beta (rFSH)

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15
Q

Gonadotropins: Luteinizing Hormone (LH) (1)

A

Lutropin

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16
Q

Gonadotropins: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by?

A

Human placenta

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17
Q

Gonadotropins: Clinical Uses - Ovulation Induction

A

Induce ovulation in women with anovulation due to:

Hypogonadatropic hypogonadism (Secondary hypogonadism, pituitary doesn’t make FSH)

PCOS

Obesity

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18
Q

Gonadotropins: Clinical Uses - Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation In

A

Assisted reproductive technology procedures - In vitro fertilization

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19
Q

Gonadotropins: Clinical Uses - Male?

A

Infertility

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20
Q

Gonadotropins: Toxicity - Ovarian HYPERstimulation Syndrome Symptoms (4)

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A

Ovarian enlargement

Ascites

Hydrothorax

Hypovolemia

21
Q

Gonadotropins: Toxicity - Multiple?

22
Q

Prolactin: How Milk is Made and Inhibitor

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A

From anterior pituitary, and stimulates mammary glands to make milk

PRIH (dopamine) in hypothalamus inhibits Prolactin release from anterior pituitary

23
Q

Prolactin: Hyperprolactinemia - Signs and Symptoms

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A

Women: Amenorrhea , galactorrhea,

Men: Loss of libido ad infertility in men

24
Q

Prolactin: Hyperprolactinemia - Causes (2)

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A

Adenoma (micro or macro)

Drugs - Dopamine Agonists

25
Prolactin: Hyperprolactinemia - Dopamine Agonists that treat Hyperprolactinemia (3)
Bromocriptine Cabergoline Pergolide
26
Prolactin: Hyperprolactinemia - Dopamine Agonists Clinical Uses (2)
1. Hyperprolactinemia: shrink pituitary prolactin secreting tumors, low circulating levels and restore ovulation 2. Acromegaly (dopamine tonically inhibits secretion of growth hormone)
27
Prolactin: Postpartum Hypopituitarism (Sheehan's Syndrome) (3)
Major hemorrhage or hypotension during the peripartum period, can result in ischemia of the affected pituitary regions leading to necrosis Absence of lactation and/or difficulties with lactation Hormone replacement
28
Oxytocin: Clinical Uses (3)
Induce labor Augment delayed labor Control of uterine hemorrhage after vaginal or cesarean delivery
29
Oxytocin: Toxicity (2)
Excessive stimulation of uterine contractions before delivery can cause fetal distress, placental abruption, or uterine rupture Fluid retention, water intoxication
30
Oxytocin: Contraindications (3)
Fetal distress Prematurity Cephalopelvic Disproportion
31
ADH (Vasopressin): V1 Receptor
Vascular smooth muscle cells --> vasoconstriction
32
ADH (Vasopressin): V2 Receptor
Renal tubule cells --> reduce diuresis
33
ADH (Vasopressin): Desmopressin Use
Treatment of choice for pituitary (central, neurogenic) diabetes insipidus
34
ADH (Vasopressin): Vasopressin ANTAGONISTs (2)
Conivaptan Tolvaptan
35
ADH (Vasopressin): Vasopressin ANTAGONISTs Uses (2)
Hyponatremia Heart failure
36
Hypothalamic Hormones: GnRH and its analogs
Hypothal secretes GnRH which ---> stimulates the Anterior Pituitary, which releases --> LH and FSH which --> acts on the ovaries to release estrodiol and progesterone
37
GnRH: Drugs (4)
Gonadorelin Goserelin Histrelin Leuprolide
38
GnRH Drugs: Response Type
Biphasic response (Pulsatile and Continued Prescence)
39
GnRH Drugs: Biphasic Response - Pulsatile
Pulsatile Intravenous Administration of gonadorelin stimulates FSH and LH
40
GnRH Drugs: Biphasic Response - Continued Presence
Continued presence of GnRH results in an inhibitory action - drop in the concentration of gonadotropins
41
GnRH Drugs: Clinical Uses - 1 (2 things)
Stimulation of gonadotropin production (Increase Gn) Female and male infertility
42
GnRH Drugs: Clinical Uses - 2 (2 things)
Suppression of gonadotropin production (Decrease Gn) Assisted reproductive technologies
43
GnRh Drugs: Uses - Endometriosis
Reduces estrogen and progesterone concentrations
44
GnRh Drugs: Uses - Uterine Leiomyoma (Fibroids)
Treatment for 3-6 months with a GnRH agonist reduces fibroid size
45
GnRh Drugs: Uses - Prostate Cancer (3 statements)
Combined antiandrogen therapy with Continuous GnRH agonist and androgen receptor antagonist
46
GnRh Drugs: Last Type of Use (One Disorder)
Central Precocious Puberty
47
GnRH Drugs: Adverse Effects
Continuous treatment of women with GnRH analog causes typical symptoms of menopause
48
GnRH Drugs: GnRH Receptor Antagonists (2) and Use (1)
Ganirelix Cetrorelix Used to prevent the LH surge during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation

M4 Pharm B2 (7 decks)

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