1. Instrumentation Flashcards
(52 cards)
1
Q
Instrumentation
Two categories:
- Rotary powered cutting instruments
- – ____
- ____ instruments
A
handpieces
hand
2
Q
Rotary Instruments
Handpieces
____
Cavity refinement
____
A
tooth structure/caries removal
grinding and polishing
3
Q
Rotary Instruments Handpieces - Speeds: -- HS: \_\_\_\_ -- LS: \_\_\_\_
A
100,000 rpm+
10,000-40,000 rpm
4
Q
HS Handpiece
Initial caries removal/initial tooth preparation Rotational speed 100,000 rpm and above = \_\_\_\_ -- \_\_\_\_ coolant needed -- water coolant causes -- atmospheric \_\_\_\_ and vapors -- Protective eye glasses and face masks should be worn
A
frictional heat
water
aerosols
5
Q
Slow/Low Speed Handpieces
- Uses: Refining \_\_\_\_ Caries excavation Placing retention in \_\_\_\_ Polishing restorations Polishing \_\_\_\_ Laboratory procedures
A
preparations
dentin
teeth
6
Q
Electric Handpieces
- Not air driven
- ____ movements
- ____ motors/gears
A
smoother
electric
7
Q
Electric Handpieces
- Control panel
- High speed friction grip = ____
- ____; ____ rpm
- Motor remains the same for all attachments
- 1:5 specifies the ____ (1 = 40,000, then multiplied by 5)
A
red dot
1:5
200,000
motor rotations
8
Q
Electric Handpieces
- Control panel
- Slow/Low Speed Friction Grip = ____
- ____; ____ rpm
- In order to refine you then use the slow speed of the red dot
- Takes more pressure in order to cut effectively
- Using a paintbrush motion
- ____; ____ rpm
A
red
1:5
20,000
9
Q
Electric Handpieces
- Control panel
- Slow/Low Speed Latch Grip = ____
- ____; ____ rpm
A
blue dot
1:1
40,000
10
Q
Electric Handpieces
- Control panel
- Slow/Low Speed = ____
- ____; ____ rpm
A
straight nose cone
1:1
40,000
11
Q
Electric Handpieces
- Control panel
- Slow/Low Speed= ____
- ____ removed and prophy polishing angle put there
- ____; ____ rpm
A
straight nose cone
top
1:1
5,000
12
Q
Anatomy of a Bur
- ____
- Neck
- ____
A
Head
shank
13
Q
Bur Classification
- By shape of the ____ of the bur
- By ____ of the bur or ____ of the bur
• Should know the numbers of the burs • Classified by shape of head, and the material of the bur ○ \_\_\_\_ ○ Polishing carbide ○ \_\_\_\_ ○ Rubber point ○ \_\_\_\_
A
head
material
use
carbide
diamond
stone
14
Q
Bur Classification
- By ____ of the shank
- ____ grip
- latch grip
- ____
• Friction grip ○ \_\_\_\_ • Latch grip ○ \_\_\_\_ • Straight nosecone
A
shape
friction
straight nosecone
cylinder
key
15
Q
Bur Classification
- By ____ shape
- Pear
- ____
- inverted cone
- ____
- tapered fissure
• Pear ○ Simodont ○ \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_ • Plain fissure • Tapered fissure ○ Makes walls that flare to the outside § \_\_\_\_ walls ○ Most preps should flare internally, at least initially § Convergent walls
A
bur head
round
plain fissure
330
245
divergent
16
Q
Pear-shaped Burs
- narrows at ____
- cuts well on ____ and sides
- ____ walls with rounded internal line angles for amalgam preparations
- ____, ____ commonly used
A
neck ends convergent 330 245
17
Q
Round burs
- ____ excavation, deep caries removal, and retention
- large sizes (4, 6, or 8) used in ____ speed for deeper caries removal
- ____
- Larger the number (for this bur), the bigger the ____
- Used inside the prep to clean out larger caries, and smaller ones for ____
A
caries
slow
1/4-8
circumference
retention pits
18
Q
Inverted cone burs
- sides ____, narrows toward ____
- used for ____, extension and retention
- ____• This makes a very sharp corner, none of our materials like ____, therefore it’s not used often
A
tapered
neck
refinement
33.5-35
sharp corners
19
Q
Straight fissure burs
- ____ sides
- ____ tooth removal
- does not cut well on ____
- Used to ____ and create box form
- Non-crosscut (smooth): ____
- Crosscut (notched blades): ____• Used to cut a long area interproximally
• Both are ____mm long
• Used on a slow speed to refine cuts on interproximal cavity preps
• Smooth
○ Blades are long
○ Smaller numbers are smaller in shape (like round)
• Notched
○ Long blades, but also serrations within the blades
○ Used on crowns made of porcelain with white gold underneath…
A
parallel bulk end smoot 55-61 555-561
3
20
Q
End-cutting burs
- only cuts on the ____, smooth sides
- for deepening cavity preparations, smoothing ____ and ____ walls
- use when ____ cutting is not desired
- ____• Smaller number means smaller ____, proportional
A
bottom pulpal gingival side 956-960
diameter
21
Q
Tapered fissure burs
- tapering shape that ____ at the neck
- used to create ____ walls
- non-crosscut: ____
- crosscut: ____
- Used for ____ restorations
- Flares the walls
- Pears also for divergent walls
- Proportional: number and ____
A
widens divergent 168-173 699-703 indirect diameter
22
Q
Finishing/Polishing Burs
- Carbide:
- metal blades that are ____ together than operative carbide burs, therefore less ____ in cutting
- for polishing, smoothening and finishing• Blades are placed more closely together
○ Different between cutting and polishing bur
○ And within polishing burs the blades also get closer together
• Will have colors in fineness
○ Darker color = ____ cutting bur
§ Polishes but leaves scratches, and ____ buffs it up nicely
○ Work from coarse to fine
- for polishing, smoothening and finishing• Blades are placed more closely together
A
closer
effective
coarser
white
23
Q
Finishing/Polishing burs
- Diamond
- ____ grits
- for caries removal, placing ____, smoothening and finishing
- R > B > G > Y
- Ours is ____, Y, ____
- for caries removal, placing ____, smoothening and finishing
A
diamond
bevels
red
white
24
Q
Finishing/Polishing burs
- Stone:
- stone grits
- for placing ____, smoothing and finishing• No ____ for stone burs
A
bevels
numbers
25
Instrument Grasps and Finger Rests
• ____ HP with thumb, fore finger and middle finger
○ Adjacent teeth and outside of face
○ Rest of hand on patient's face
• Ring and pinky finger go somewhere else
tripod
26
Anatomy of a hand instrument
- Handle
- - Large central portion to hold, stabilize, and control the instrument
- - contains:
- ____ numbers
- ____ name
instrument identification
| manufacturer's
27
Hand Instrument Components
- Blade
- ____ of hand-cutting instrument
- cutting edge
- - used for ____ enamel and dentin
working end
| smoothing
28
Hand instrument components
- Nib
- working end a ____ instrument
- - placement of ____ materials
- - finishing of ____
non-cutting
restorative
restoration
29
Hand instrument components
- Shank
- - connects ____ with blade or nib
- - it may or may not be ____
handle
| angled
30
Hand instrument composition
- Carbon steel/stainless steel
- - most blades = ____
- - most nibs = ____
- - shanks and handles = ____
- - ____ plated to prevent tarnish and corrosion
carbon steel
stainless steel
stainless steel
chrome
31
Instrument Formula
Three number formula
1st: ____ of blade
- - ____ of a mm
2nd: ____ of blade
- - ____
3rd: ____ of blade in relation to long axis of handle
```
• 3 numbers
○ Width of blade (first)
§ Smoothing floor
§ 1 mm wide (10 .1mm's)
○ Length of blade (second)
§ Mm (6mm)
§ Bottom of blade to wear it meets the ____
○ Angulation of blade to handle
§ 14 degrees
```
```
width
tenth
length
mm
angulation
```
shank
32
Instrument formula
Four number formula
1st: ____ of the blade
- - ____ of mm
2nd: angulation of ____ to long axis of handle
3rd: ____ of the blade
- - ____
4th: ____ of blade in relation to long axis of the handle
```
width
tenths
primary cutting edge
length
mm
angle
```
33
Instrument Classifications
• ____ = 3 number
• ____ = 4 number
flat
| angle
34
Hatchet
- scrapes preparation walls (____ walls and removes ____ enamel)
- also used as a ____ of the preparation for self evaluation
small hatchet, 1mm: ____
large hatchet, 1.5 mm: ____
smoothes
unsupported
measurement
10-7-14
15-8-14
35
Mouth mirror
- used for almost all procedures
- to aid access and ____
- to retract ____ (tongue, ceeks, lips)
visualization
| soft tissue
36
Periodontal probe
| - measures ____, width, ____ of cavity preparation
depth
| length
37
Explorer
- used to check for:
- - ____ in cavity preparation
- - extension of proximal clearance in a ____ preparation
- - completes ____ removal
- - ____ placement
- - smooth finish of final restoration
smoothness
class II
caries
retention
38
Gingival margin trimmers
- smoothes and bevels ____ margins
- ____ number instrument
- use on mesial and distal surfaces depending on:
- - when the second number is greater than ____, used on ____ surface
- - when ____ or less, used on ____ surface
```
#28, distal: ____
#29, mesial: ____
```
```
cavosurface
4
90
distal
85
mesial
```
10-95-7-12
10-80-7-14
39
Excavators
- for removal of carious material from cavity
- ____ shaped with sharpened edges
- used with ____ scooping motions
spoon
| lateral
40
Condensers
- push or pack restorative materials into cavity preps
- ____ depends on the material being used
- ____ depends on area material to be condensed
- end (nib) may be ____ or ____
```
• Placing material and to self-assess width of prep
• Shape depends on the material
• Has nibs (no blades)
○ Excavator has a blade, but is ____
• 1P
○ Self-assessment in red roll next to hatchets
• 1/2
○ Also in red roll
○ A little wider
```
```
size
shape
serrated
smooth
circular
```
41
College Pliers
- transfers ____ to and from the mouth
- variety of other uses
materials
42
Principles of cavity preparation
1. ____ form
2. resistance form
3. ____ form
4. convenience form
5. remove any remaining carious ____
6. finish the enamel wall - remove unsupported enamel
7. ____ the cavity prep
outline
retention
dentin
cleanse
43
1. outline form
determined:
- ____ and ____ of the carious lesion, defect, or faulty restoration
- dental ____
- finish margins in self ____ or easily cleansable areas
- margins should end in sound ____
- kind of restorative ____ being used
```
location
size
morphology
cleansing
enamel
material
```
44
2. resistance form
determined by:
- ____ form
- wall angulations
- - prepare the internal walls ____ to the enamel rods/prisms
- cavity preparation depth
- - to provide bulk strength restorative matieral
box
| parallel
45
Resistance form
- internal line angles
- - should be slightly ____ to minimize stress concentration
- restorative material
- - different materials have different needs to be met
rounded
46
```
3. retention form
determined by:
- ____ friction
- convergent walls
- ____ points and grooves
- auxiliary retention
-- ____
-- parallel grooves
-- ____
-- bonding
```
wall
undercut
dovetails
pins
47
4. convenience form
gain sufficient access to the lesion to facilitate ____ and instrumentation in the preparation and restoration process
visibility
48
5. remove any remaining carious dentin
- for mild, moderate, and large caries: start with ideal ____ form first
- then, remove remaining caries
outline
49
5. remove any remaining carious dentin
- for gross caries:
- - only time the ideal ____ form cannot be obtained first
- - most of the structure is destroyed by this point
- - remove ____ first, evaluate what is left, and refine the preparation
outline
| caries
50
5. remove any remaining carious dentin
- re-evaluate the preparation often to detect sound tooth structure:
- - ____ feedback
- - auditory feedback
- - ____
- - caries detecting dye is completely removed
tactile
| texture
51
6. finish enamel walls
| - remove all ____ enamel
unsupported
52
7. cleanse the prepared cavity
- clean and dry for inspection
- once clean, it is ready to receive the restoration
- sometimes ____ are applied after cleansing, priot to the ____ step
- - not proven to be ____
medicaments
restorative
significant
