1. Intro to Soil and Water Conservation

Question 1

Application of engineering and biological principles to the solution of soil and water management problems

Answer 1

Soil and Water Conservation Engineering

Question 2

Implies utilization without wastes-continuous high level of crop production while improving environmental quality

Answer 2

Conservation

Question 3

Engineering problems in soil and water conservation:

Answer 3

 Erosion Control
 Drainage
 Irrigation
 Flood Control
 Water resources development and conservation

Question 4

is based on full integration of engineering, atmospheric, plant and soil sciences

Answer 4

sound soil and water conservation

Question 5

Engineers in SWC

Answer 5

 Sound SWC is based on full integration of engineering, atmospheric, plant and soil sciences
 Soil physical, chemical and engineering characteristics
 Soil-plant-water-environmental interactions
 Creation of proper environment for optimum plant and animal production
 Rural-urban interface; air and water pollution
 Social and economic aspect; local and national government policies, laws and regulations
 Ground and satellite mapping techniques (GIS), weather record and prediction, soil survey reports, computer
 Numerical simulations (modeling)

Question 6

is one major cause of water pollution

Answer 6

soil erosion

Question 7

Conservation Ethics

Answer 7

 Increasing population will dictate the necessity of conserving land and water resources
 Decreasing population of wildlife, extinction of species-air and water pollution, loss of habitat
 Soil erosion is one major cause of water pollution
 Conversion of prime farmlands to urban development
 Natural resources should be passed on to future generations in as good or better condition than previous generations have left them
 Growing trend of conservation (government incentives, private sector-led, short and long term economic benefits)
 Recycling of paper, glass, metals, etc.
 Waste segregation; plastic ban
 Increasing costs of waste disposal

Question 8

accounts for between 60-80% of total water use

Answer 8

Agriculture

Question 9

About ___ of the water for irrigation was not available for crops

Answer 9

40%

Question 10

Losses include ____

Answer 10

conveyance, seepage, percolation, evaporation and transpiration

Question 11

In _____, soil water is conserved by modified tillage and crop management techniques

Answer 11

water-short areas

Question 12

other physical means of retaining rainfall in the soil and reducing evapotranspiration

Answer 12

Level terracing, contouring, pitting, reservoirs

Question 13

has been generally regarded as inexhaustible

Answer 13

water

Question 14

Total Land Area of PH

Answer 14

30 m ha

Question 15

Alienable and disposable:

Answer 15

14.2 m ha

Question 16

Forest:

Answer 16

6.84 M ha - 23%

Question 17

Agricultural:

Answer 17

12.57 m ha - 42%

Question 18

Irrigated area:

Answer 18

1,678,595 ha

Question 19

PD 1067

Answer 19

water code of the Philippines

Question 20

PD 1067 Article 3a

Answer 20

All waters belong to the state.

Question 21

annual mean rainfall in the PH

Answer 21

2,030 mm

Question 22

range of rainfall in PH

Answer 22

965-4064 mm

Question 23

are mostly located at elevations below 50m above mean sea level

Answer 23

Shallow well areas

Question 24

are usually located at elevation above 50m above mean sea level

Answer 24

Deep well areas

Question 25

are usually located at a depth of more than 20m below ground surface

Answer 25

Aquifers

Question 26

are areas with insufficient data to be classified as either shallow or deep well areas and areas with varying groundwater depths (eg. Faults and other geologic discontinuities)

Answer 26

difficult areas

Question 27

Shallow well areas in the PH:

Answer 27

5.1764 M has

Question 28

Deep well areas:

Answer 28

12.3023 M has

Question 29

Difficult areas:

Answer 29

12.2534 M has

Question 30

In ____, 45% of total land area of the country was affected by soil erosion, of which 17% was under severe erosion and the rest was moderately affected

Answer 30

1990

Question 31

By region, _____ is highly affected at 63% followed by ____ at 54%; least affected was ____ at 26%

Answer 31

CAR; Region 10; Region 3

Question 32

Competing land uses; massive and indiscriminate land conversion has been threatening agricultural lands

Answer 32

allocation

Question 33

Issues and problems attendant to soil and water conservation and utilization

Answer 33

A. Land and water resources degradation B. Allocation C. Data availability and reliability D. Support