1- Introduction Flashcards
What does the CBT approach assume? B, E, P B, I, T
That behaviours, emotions, and physical symptoms are influenced by thoughts, images and beliefs (cognitions) in a persons mind
When did the CBT approach emerge? and which two approaches were key in it’s formation
in the 1950’s and 1960’s Behavioural and Psychoanalytic psychotherapy
What does the psychoanalytic model assume?
That various tensions exist within a persons psychological make-up and they arise as the conflict of demands made by 3 different components within a person.
Within the psychoanaytic model what are the three component?
id, ego and super-ego
What is the id?
It consists of our basic impulses, motivations and drives. eg the need to eat or sexual pleasure
What is the ego?
The ego is the manager of the id. It juggles the competing demands of the id the real worlds and the super-ego
What is the super-ego?
This consists of the values and he morals of the society. This is the part of the mind that rewards the individual for being good and punishes them for being bad.
Who are the two major CBT pioneers?
Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck
Explain the experiment which Beck was conducting which made him change from Psychoanalytic approach to CB approach
Beck was looking at how repressed hostility caused aggression but found that it was more characterised by pessimism. It was the ‘automatic thoughts’ people were having in everyday life that were having more of an affect.
Many thoughts were irrational or without basis but were accepted unquestioningly. Beck started getting these people to look at alternative explanations and the evidence behind these thoughts
These Observations formed the early building blocks of CBT
Name 3 of the major behavioural theorists
Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura
What is Classical conditioning? Example of unconditioned and conditioned
Learning that one event will follow another. unconditioned is when an association is made with naturally with a stimulus and conditioned is when an association is formed between a neutral stimulus for example Pavlov’s dogs.
What is Operant conditioning?
Learning that a behaviour will be followed by a consequence
How is CBT’s focus different from psychoanalytic psychotherapy
psychoanalytic therapy takes the view that difficulties have their roots in past conflicts and unconscious processes. CBT focuses more on what is happening in the present.
It is not that CBT ignores the influence of past experience it is more concerned with the triggers, modifiers and cycles that maintain problems in the present.
What is the assumption CBT has regarding symptoms?
It assumes that they interact with each other. These interactions occur in the domains of cognition, behaviour, emotion and physical. For example chain reactions can occur to someone getting stressed then physical symptoms can lead to the thought ‘I’m having a heart attack’ CBT will try to break these patterns and substitute them with more helpful alternatives.
What does it mean to say, CBT is defined by an ethos of operationalism (1) and scientific study? (1)
It means that the CBT approach is operationalised relatively precisely to allow practitioners to be trained to adhere to manualised approaches.
CBT is based upon the results of scientific investigation. Where research has been conducted to identify which methods of treatment are the most effective.
