1. Introduction Flashcards
(36 cards)
What are functional foods not to be confused with?
dietary supplements, fortified foods, novel foods, medicines, traditional medicinal plants
What are four facts about dietary supplements?
- Alternative therapies and natural remedies - of increasing interest
- Increased consumer dissatisfaction with conventional health care
- ½ of US population use Dietary Supplements
- but increasing interest from Regulators. (Will supplement producers start having to prove their claims?)
What are dietary supplements defined as?
as products made of one or more essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and proteins, but more recently broadened definition to include almost any product intended for ingestion as a supplement to the diet – phytochemicals, non-traditional food extracts
What is the case in many countries?
supplements are legally distinguished from (pharmaceutical) drugs
What is a drug defined by?
material intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease
What is similarities between drugs and supplements?
Both drugs and supplements intended to affect structure and function of body
What are differences between drugs and supplements?
- Drugs must undergo approval after extensive clinical studies to determine effectiveness and safety
- Dietary supplements = no pre-market testing – but this position is under review
What re nutraceuticals?
Nutrient-rich products
What are phytochemicals?
- non-nutrient plant secondary metabolites with a possible positive health effect
- Medicinal plants (e.g. traditional Chinese medicine TCM)
What are fortified foods?
adding a mineral/vitamin/nutrient by law to a range of products to deal with a particular deficiency (e.g. vit D to margarine, niacin to bread, folic acid to flour, iodine to salt)
What is the EU definition of a novel food?
Food that had not been consumed to a significant degree by humans in the EU before 15 May 1997, when the first Regulation on novel food came into force.
What is the general definition of novel foods?
‘Novel Food’ can be newly developed, innovative food, food produced using new technologies and production processes, as well as food which is or has been traditionally eaten outside of the EU.
What is an example of a novel food?
new sources of vitamin K (menaquinone) or extracts from existing food (Antarctic Krill oil rich in phospholipids fromEuphausia superba), agricultural products from third countries (e.g. chia seeds, noni fruit juice), or food derived from new production processes (UV-treated food (milk, bread, mushrooms and yeast).
What is the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare definition of FOSHU (foods for specialised health use) or functional foods?
- foods that are expected to have a specific health effect due to relevant constituents, or foods from which allergens have been removed, and
- foods where the effect of such an addition or removal has been scientifically evaluated, and permission has been granted to make claims regarding the specific beneficial effects on health expected from their consumption.
What else is required for FOSHU?
- To be identified as FOSHU, evidence is required that the final product (not components) is likely to exert a health effect when consumed as part of an ordinary diet
- FOSHU products should be in the form of foods, not pills or capsules
When was FOSHU established in Japan?
1991
What did Doyon define functional foods as (2008)?
To reach their full market potential, functional foods need to move from a blurred idea with many and sometimes conflicting definitions to a sharply defined and quantifiable concept. In contrast to marketing, where value added could only be perceived, the value added associated with functional foods must be real
What is the definition of functional foods?
- There is not a universally accepted definition for functional foods.
- Better to understand the concept
- Function-driven rather than product driven
What are key concepts of functional foods (Doyon and Labrecque, 2008)?
- Nature of food
- Level of function
- Consumption pattern
- Health benefits
What is the academy of nutrition and dietetics definition?
Foods defined as whole foods along with fortified, enriched or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels
What is the international food information council definition?
Foods or dietary components that may provide a health benefit beyond basic nutrition and may play a role in reducing or minimising the risk of certain diseases and other health conditions
What is the institute of food technologists definition?
Foods and food components that provide a health benefit beyond basic nutrition (for the intended populations)
What is the international life sciences institute definition?
Foods that by virtue of the presence of physiologically active food components provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition
What is the European Commission definition?
a food that beneficially affects one or more target functions in the body, beyond adequate nutritional effects, in a way that is relevant to either an improved state of health and well being and/or reduction of risk of disease. It is part of a normal food pattern. It is not a pill, a capsule or any form of dietary supplement
