1. kafli Flashcards

(190 cards)

1
Q

immunology

A

rannsókn ónæmiskerfis og hvernig það starfar

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2
Q

Edward Jenner

A

sá sem er talinn uppruni ónæmisfræðinnar

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3
Q

Variolation

A

inntaka efna inní líkama til að byggja upp ónæmi

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4
Q

vaccination

A

inntaka lítils magn efna sem leyfir líkama að bygja upp ónæmi án þess að sýkjast illilega af sjúkdómi

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5
Q

Robert Koch

A

sanaði að smitsjúkdómar eru ollnir af örverum.

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6
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

gerði bólesetningu gegn cholera í kjúklingum

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7
Q

Emil von Behring

A

uppgvötaði antotoxic activity

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8
Q

Shibasaburo Kitasato

A

uppgvötaði antotoxic activity

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9
Q

antibodies

A

mótefni sem bindast sýkingarefnum og vinna gegn henni

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10
Q

Jules Bordet

A

uppgvötaði complement

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11
Q

complement

A

uppgvötað af Jules

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12
Q

adaptive immunity

A

ónæmi sem byggist upp eftir sýkingu

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13
Q

innate immunity

A

ónæmi sem er alltaf í gangi og verndar vel gegn sýklum

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14
Q

Elie metchinkoff

A

uppgvötaði frumuát

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15
Q

antigens

A

það sem antibodies bindast við

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16
Q

Paul Ehrlich

A

hélt áfram þróun antiserum

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17
Q

antiserum

A

vinnur gegn sjúkdómi

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18
Q

immune system

A

ónæmiskerfið ver líkama gegn áhættum

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19
Q

leukocytes

A

hvítar blóðfrumur, sem vernda okkur með frumuáti

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20
Q

bone marrow

A

sumar ónæmisfrumur þróast hér

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21
Q

lymphatic system

A

hvít blóðkorn ferðast um hér og dreifast um líkamann

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22
Q

lymph

A

vökvi í lymphatic system

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23
Q

hematopoietic stem cells

A

þróast í allar frumur í blóði

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24
Q

pluripotent

A

frumur sem geta þróast í margar mismunandi frumur

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25
lymphoid
ein tegund hvítfruma
26
myeloid
önnur tegund hvítfruma
27
lymphocytes
öflugasta vörn líkamans en þarf innate frumukerfi
28
pathogens: viruses, bacteria
sýkingarefni
29
fungi
getur sýkt stundum utanfrá
30
parasites
örverur sem skemma fólkið sem það er í
31
microbiome
þar sem má finna örverur í líkama alltaf sem eru ekki frumur
32
commensal microorganisms
öreindir sem skaða ekki hostin sinn
33
avoidance
passa að örverur koma ekki inn í líkama
34
resistance
vinna kerfis gegn sýkingum
35
tolerance
hæfni fruma til að vera ekki undir áhrifum sýkla.
36
effectir mechanisms
vinna gegn misunandi sýklum
37
immunological tolerance
stöðvar ónæmiskerfi frá því að gera árás á eigin líkama
38
antimicrobial proteins
vinna gegn sýklum að koma inn í líkama
39
complement
ýmis prótein sem verja líkama
40
sensor cells
frumur sem finna fyrir sýkingu
41
inflammatory inducers
valda b olgu
42
inflammatory mediators
virka inflammatory inducers
43
innate racognition receptors
taka eftir ákveðnum efnum, efni sem breytast ekki eftir fæðingu
44
antigen receptors
taka við antigens
45
common myeloid progenitor
það se, öll myeloid frumur verða til úr
46
macrophages
átfrumur sem valda bólgu og fleirra.
47
monocytes
þróast í makrófaga eftir sýkingu
48
complement receptors
greina compliment kerfi sem merkja frumu til áts.
49
granulocytes
fruma með marga kjarna.
50
polymorphonuclear leukocytes
q
51
neutrophils
q
52
eosinophils
q
53
basophils
q
54
mast cells
q
55
dendritic cells
q
56
Ralph steinmann
q
57
macropinocytosis
q
58
immunogenic
q
59
charles janeway
q
60
adjuvant
q
61
pattern recognition receptors
q
62
pathogen-associated molecular patterns
q
63
Toll-like receptors
q
64
Jules hoffman
q
65
Bruce Beutler
q
66
NOD-like receptors
q
67
cytokines
q
68
chemokines
q
69
inflammation
q
70
endothelium
q
71
endothelial cells
q
72
inflammatory cells
q
73
the common lymphoid progenitor
q
74
natural killer cells
q
75
innate lymphoid cells
q
76
immunological memory
q
77
B cells
q
78
T cells
q
79
naive lymphocytes
q
80
effector lymphocytes
q
81
B-cell antigen receptor
q
82
immunioglobins
q
83
membrane immunoglobin
q
84
T cell antigen receptor
q
85
plasma cells
q
86
effecotr T lymphocytes
q
87
Cytotoxic T cells
q
88
Helper T cells
q
89
Regulatory T cells
q
90
memory cells
q
91
constant region
q
92
fragment crystallizable region
q
93
Fc region
q
94
variable region
q
95
Gerald Edelman and rodney porter
q
96
heavy chains
q
97
light chain
q
98
antigen binding site
q
99
antigenic detirminant or epitope
q
100
MHC molecules
q
101
major histocompatibilty complex
q
102
Susumu tonegawa
q
103
gene segments
q
104
combinatorial diversity
q
105
junctional diversity
q
106
clone
q
107
lymphocyte receptor repertoire
q
108
Macfarlane burnet
q
109
clonal expansion
q
110
clonotypic
q
111
clonal selection theory
q
112
James Gowans
q
113
cellular immunology
q
114
self antigens
q
115
Ray Owen
q
116
tolerant
q
117
Peter Medawar
q
118
clonal deletion
q
119
apoptosis
q
120
programmed cell death
q
121
immunological tolorance
q
122
anergy
q
123
lymphoid tissue
q
124
central or primary lymphoid organs
q
125
peripheral or secondary lymphoid organs
q
126
thymus
q
127
lymph nodes
q
128
spleen
q
129
bursa of fabricius
q
130
co-stimulatory molecules
q
131
antigen presenting cells
q
132
draining lymph nodes
q
133
lymph
q
134
lymphatic vessels or lymphatics
q
135
afferent lymphatic vessels
q
136
high endothelial venules
q
137
follicles
q
138
cortex
q
139
paraccortial areas or T cell zones
q
140
germinal centers
q
141
red pulp
q
142
white pulp
q
143
periarteriolar lymphoid sheath
q
144
marginal zone
q
145
marginal zone B cells
q
146
mucosal immune system
q
147
gut associated lymphoid tissues
q
148
tonsils, adenoids. appendix and peyers patches
q
149
M cells
q
150
nasal associated lymphoid tissue
q
151
bronchus associated lymphoid tissue
q
152
lymphoblast
q
153
memory cells
q
154
primary immunization
q
155
secondary or booster immunization
q
156
affinity maturation
q
157
effector modules
q
158
helper T cells
q
159
interferon
q
160
type - immunity
q
161
ILC1
q
162
type 2
q
163
type 3
q
164
humoral immunity
q
165
classes or isotypes
q
166
neutralization
q
167
FC receptors
q
168
opsonization
q
169
complement activation
q
170
complement receptors
q
171
cell mediated immune responses
q
172
CD8
q
173
CD4
q
174
co receptors
q
175
MHC class I
q
176
MHC class II
q
177
TH1
q
178
TH2
q
179
T follicular helper
q
180
immunodeficiency diseases
q
181
acquire immune deficiency syndrome
q
182
allergy
q
183
autoimmune disease
q
184
graft rejection
q
185
polymorphic
q
186
H-2 locus
q
187
George Snell
q
188
Baruj Benacerraf and Jean Dausset
q
189
monoclonal antibodies
q
190
Georges Köhler and César Milsteins
q