1: Key Concepts In Biology Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are all living organisms made of
Cells
Eukaryote
Organisms made up of eukaryotic cells
Prokaryote
A prokaryotic cell
What are subcellular structures also known as
Organelles
What are cells made of
Subcellular structures
Subcellular structures in an animal cell
-Nucleus
-Cytoplasm
-Mitochondria
-Ribosomes
-Cell membrane
Nucleus
-Contains genetic material
-Controls the activities of the cell
How is the genetic material in the nucleus arranged
Into chromosomes
Cytoplasm
-Where most of the chemical reactions happen
-Contains enzymes which control these chemical reactions
Mitochondria
-Site of aerobic respiration
-This transfers energy for the cell to work
Cell membrane
-Holds the cell together
-Controls what goes in and out
Ribosomes
-Involved in translation of genetic material
-Site of protein synthesis
Subcellular structures in a plant cell
-Nucleus
-Cytoplasm
-Mitochondria
-Ribosomes
-Cell membrane
-Cell wall
-Large vacuole
-Chloroplasts
Eukaryotic cell
Cell with a nucleus
Prokaryotic cell
Cell without a nucleus
Eukaryote
-Plants
-Animals
Prokaryote examples
-Bacteria
Subcellular structures in a bacterial cell
-Chromosomal DNA
-Ribosomes
-Cell membrane
-Plasmid DNA
-Cell wall
-Flagellum
Chromosomal DNA (bacterial cell)
-One long circular chromosome.
-Controls the cell’s activities and replication.
-It floats free in the cytoplasm.
Plasmid DNA
-Small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome
-Contain genes for things like drug resistance which can be passed between bacteria
Flagellum
-Long, hair-like structure that rotates to make the bacterium move
-Can move the bacterial cell away from harmful things (toxins) and towards beneficial things (nutrients/oxygen)
Specialised cell
Cell with specific function
