[1] Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder

Question 1

Renal Disease Mortality Ranking Among Filipinos

Answer 1

9

Question 2

Two Leading Causes of Kidney Failure

Answer 2

Diabetes

High Blood Pressure

Question 3

What do you check for in the urine to indicate kidney disease?

Answer 3

Protein or Albumin

Question 4

Urine Passed Per Day

Answer 4

1.2-1.5L

Question 5

Normal Color of Urine

Answer 5

Amber

Question 6

Is Urine Sterile?

Answer 6

Yes, it is free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi

Question 7

Tough capsule surrounding kidneys

Answer 7

Renal Capsule

Question 8

How much blood do the kidneys receive per day?

Answer 8

1100-2000 Liters

Question 9

Blood is cleaned out once every how many minutes?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

Kidneys span what vertebrae?

Answer 10

T12-L3

Question 11

Location: Right Kidney

Answer 11

Right paravertebral gutter

Question 12

Which of the kidney’s is lower?

Answer 12

Right Kidney

Question 13

Which kidney is usually donated?

Answer 13

Right Kidney

Question 14

Location: Left Kidney

Answer 14

Superior Pole at T11

Question 15

How come there is an increased risk for pneumothorax when undergoing nephrectomy?

Answer 15

Pleural reflection is located at T12

Question 16

Which of the kidneys are palpable?

Answer 16

Right Kidney

Question 17

[Renal Hilum]

Entrance of what vessels?

Answer 17

Renal Artery

Also entrance to the renal sinus

Question 18

[Renal Hilum]

Exit of what vessels?

Answer 18

Renal Vein

Renal Pelvis

Question 19

Content: Renal Sinus

Answer 19

Renal Pelvis
Renal Calyces
Renal Vessels
Renal Nerves
Fat

Question 20

Where are the nephrons found?

Answer 20

Renal Cortex

Question 21

Most basic microscopic structures of the kidneys

Answer 21

Nephrons

Question 22

Inner Layer of the Kidney

Answer 22

Renal Medulla

Question 23

Contents: Medulla

Answer 23

Pyramids
Papillae
Columns
Calyces
Pelvis
Nephron that is not in the cortex

Question 24

Site for salt, water and urea absorption

Answer 24

Medulla

Question 25

Houses the hoop of Henle and collecting duct of the Nephron

Answer 25

Renal Pyramid

Question 26

2 Layers of the Renal Pyramid

Answer 26

Internal Medullary Layer | External Cortical Layer

Question 27

Composition: Internal Medullary Layer

Answer 27

Renal Pyramids | 6-16/Kidney

Question 28

What does the external cortical layer form?

Answer 28

Cortical Arches/Renal Columns of Bertin

Question 29

Tips of Renal Pyramids that release urine into calyces

Answer 29

Renal Papillae

Question 30

Collecting sacs that surround renal papillae

Answer 30

Renal Calyces

Question 31

Function: Renal Calyces

Answer 31

Transport Urine from Papillae -> Pelvis

Question 32

Flow of Urine

Answer 32

Pyramid -> Papillae -> Minor Calyx -> Major Calyx -> Renal Pelvis -> Ureter

Question 33

Anterior Renal Fascia

Answer 33

Gerota

Question 34

Collects urine from all calyces in the kidney

Answer 34

Renal Pelvis

Question 35

Posterior Renal Fascia

Answer 35

Zuckerkandl

Question 36

What fills the posterior pararenal space?

Answer 36

Fat

Question 37

How does the Kidney regulate pH?

Answer 37

Excretes H+ Ions into Urine | Conserves Bicarbonate ions

Question 38

What hormone does the Kidney release to stimulate blood production?

Answer 38

Erythropoietin

Question 39

Three Important Hormones of the Kidney

Answer 39

1. Erythropoietin 2. Renin 3. Calcitriol

Question 40

What is Calcitriol?

Answer 40

Active form of Vitamin D

Question 41

Blood Supply to the Kidney

Answer 41

Renal Artery

Question 42

Blood Tracing: Kidney

Answer 42

Renal Artery -> Segmental Artery -> Interlobar Artery -> Arcuate Artery -> Interlobular Artery -> Afferent Arteriole -> Efferent Arteriole

Question 43

When do arterial anastomoses begin in the kidney?

Answer 43

After the Interlobular Arteries

Question 44

What does the Anterior Division of the Renal Artery Supply?

Answer 44

Apical Anterosuperior Anteroinferior Inferior

Question 45

What does the Posterior Division of the Renal Artery Supply?

Answer 45

Dorsal/Posterior Half

Question 46

Venous Drainage of the Kidney

Answer 46

Renal Vein

Question 47

Where does the Renal Vein drain to?

Answer 47

IVC

Question 48

Innervation of the Kidney

Answer 48

Renal Nerve Plexus

Question 49

What happens to the suprarenal gland during a kidney transplant?

Answer 49

Nothing, it is attached to the diaphragm and only a weak septum of renal fascia separates the kidney and the gland

Question 50

During a kidney transplant, where are the renal artery and vein joined to?

Answer 50

External Iliac Artery and Vein

Question 51

Define: Nephroptosis

Answer 51

Abnormal descent of the kidney by more than 3 cm when the body is erect

Question 52

Define: Ectopic Kidney

Answer 52

Congenitally misplaced kidney | Abnormal ureter length

Question 53

Inflammation of the Kidney can be tested using?

Answer 53

Psoas Test

Question 54

The renal plexus has communications with?

Answer 54

Celiac Plexus Testicular Plexus Lesser and Lowest Splanchnic Nerves Lower and Outer Part of the Celiac Ganglion

Question 55

Function: Ureter

Answer 55

Transports urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder

Question 56

3 Points of Narrowing in the Ureter Which is the narrowest?

Answer 56

1. Ureteropelvic Junction 2. Crossing at the Iliac Vessels 3. Ureterovesical Junction (Narrowest)

Question 57

Blood Supply of the Ureter

Answer 57

Renal Arteries Gonadal Arteries (Testicular/Ovarian) Abdominal Aorta Common Iliac Arteries

Question 58

Venous Drainage of the Ureter

Answer 58

Renal and Gonadal Veins

Question 59

Innervation of the Ureter

Answer 59

Derived from the renal, abdominal aorta and superior hypogastric plexus

Question 60

Define: Renal Colic

Answer 60

Acute obstruction causing excrutiation pain