1. Mastication

Question 1

Mastication

The ____ step in digestion Breaks down food
Increases ____
Mixes saliva and enzymes

Answer 1

first

surface area

Question 2

Mastication

Involves ____, neuronal control, teeth and occlusion
A regulated and complicated ____ control system
Coordinates ____ movements

Answer 2

bone/soft tissue/muscles
neurologic
muscle

Question 3

Muscles of mastication

\_\_\_\_ Muscle
\_\_\_\_ Muscle
\_\_\_\_ Muscle
\_\_\_\_ Muscle 
\_\_\_\_ Muscles of Mastication

Answer 3

masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
accessory

Question 4

Masseter Muscle

Origin-
Superficial- ____ of maxilla and ____ of the zygomatic arch
Deep- ____ of zygomatic arch

Insertion-
Superficial- angle of the ____, lower lateral ____
Deep- upper portion of ____

Answer 4

zygomatic process
inferior border of anterior 2/3
inner and inferior border of posterior 1/3

mandible
ramus
lateral ramus

Question 5

Masseter muscle - actions

• ____
• ____ excursion
• ____

Answer 5

elevation
ipsilateral
retrusion

Question 6

Masseter muscle

Blood Supply- ____ Artery Innervation- ____

Answer 6

masseteric

masseteric branch of CNV3

Question 7

Temporalis muscle

Origin- Inferior ____, temporal fossa, ____

Insertion- medial portion of ____ and anteromedial border of ____

Answer 7

temporal line
temporal fascia

coronoid process
ramus

Question 8

Temporalis muscle - actions

• ____
• ____
• ____ excursion

Answer 8

elevation
retrusion
ipsilateral

Question 9

Temporalis muscle

Blood Supply- ____ arteries
Innervation- ____

Answer 9

anterior, posterior deep temporal

deep temporal nerve from CNV3

Question 10

Medial Pterygoid muscle

Origin- ____ plate

Insertion- Medial aspect of mandibular ____ and angle of ____

Answer 10

medial aspect of lateral pterygoid

ramus
mandible

Question 11

Medial pterygoid muscle - actions

• ____ of mandible
• ____
• ____ excursion

Answer 11

elevation
protrusion
contralateral

Question 12

Medial pterygoid

Blood supply- ____
Innervation- ____

Answer 12

pterygoid branch of maxillary artery

mandibular branch of CNV3

Question 13

Lateral pterygoid muscle

Origin
Inferior head- ____ plate
Superior head- ____ fossa

Insertion
Inferior head- ____ of condylar neck
Superior head- capsule and disc of ____

Answer 13

lateral aspect of lateral pterygoid
roof of infratemporal

pterygoid fovea
TMJ

Question 14

Lateral pterygoid muscle - actions

• ____
• ____
• ____ excursion

Answer 14

protrusion
depression
contralateral

Question 15

Lateral pterygoid

Blood Supply- ____ artery
Innervation- ____

Answer 15

pterygoid branch of maxillary

pterygoid branch of CNV3

Question 16

Accessory muscle of mastication

Suprahyoid 
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_ 
\_\_\_\_ 
\_\_\_\_

Infrahyoid 
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_ 
\_\_\_\_ 
\_\_\_\_

Answer 16

digastrics
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid

omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid

Question 17

Temporomandibular joint

Temporal bone
____
____

Mandible
____

Joint capsule
TMJ disc

Answer 17

articular fossa
articular eminence
condyle

Question 18

Brain/brainstem

Spinal tract nucleus
\_\_\_\_ input from the face and mouth via \_\_\_\_ (trigeminal) nerve.
Subnucleus \_\_\_\_ (oral pain) 
Subucleus \_\_\_\_ 
Subnucleus \_\_\_\_

Trigeminal motor nucleus
____ motor signals

Answer 18

afferent
CNV

oralis
interpolaris
caudalis

efferent

Question 19

Muscle spindles

Monitors ____
____ feeding of state of ____ and ____

Answer 19

length
constant
elongation
contraction

Question 20

Golgi tendon organs

Located in the ____ between the muscle and bone
Monitor ____ of muscle

Answer 20

tendon

tension

Question 21

Pacinian corpuscles

____ of connective tissue
Movement ____ and firm pressure
Found in ____, joints, ____, tissue, fascia

Answer 21

concentric lamellae
perception
tendons
periosteum

Question 22

Nociceptors

\_\_\_\_ receptors
Stimulated by \_\_\_\_
Tactile to \_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_ touch, pressure, mechanoreceptor
Monitors \_\_\_\_, condition and \_\_\_\_ of tissue in the masticatory system

Answer 22

sensory
injury
noxious
light
position
movement

Question 23

Regulation of mastication

Sensory receptor input to the ____
CNS processes and creates motor function through ____ fibers
____ of some muscle groups, ____ of others

Answer 23

CNS
efferent
contraction
inhibition

Question 24

Central pattern generator (CPG)

Neurons in the brainstem that controls ____ muscle activities such as ____, swallowing, walking, breathing.
It determines the activity and timing of ____ muscles
A ____ process but can be brought to ____ control at any time

Answer 24

rhythmic
chewing
antagonistic
subconscious
conscious

Question 25

Central pattern generator (CPG) For chewing, it initiates contraction of muscles that ____ the mouth while inhibiting those that ____ the mandible Next it causes contraction of ____ muscles while inhibiting those that ____ the mouth Receives sensory input and then determines most efficient ____ Chewing is ____ but can be brought to ____ control at any time

Answer 25

``` open elevate elevator open chewing subconscious conscious ```

Question 26

Chewing stroke ``` Rhythmic opening and closing of dentition under control of the ____. ____ is a chewing stroke Opening phase Closing phase --____ phase --____ phase ```

Answer 26

CPG open and closing crushing grinding

Question 27

Frontal chewing stroke Opening phase Mandible drops downward to ____mm Lateral ____mm

Answer 27

16-18 | 5-6

Question 28

Crushing phase Traps food between the teeth As teeth come together, the ____ displacement is decreased. At ____mm apart, the jaw is lateral ____mm

Answer 28

lateral 3 3-4

Question 29

Grinding phase Teeth positioned where mandibular ____ cusps are directly under maxillary buccal cusps Teeth come together and are guided back to ____ along ____ inclines, causing grinding

Answer 29

buccal intercuspation cuspal

Question 30

Forces Females- ____ lbs Males- ____ lbs 1st molar- ____ lbs Incisors- ____ lbs

Answer 30

79-99 118-142 91-198 29-51

Question 31

Teeth ``` Incisors ____ food, cuts pieces of food Canines ____ of food Premolars Tearing and ____ Molars ____ of food ```

Answer 31

incise tearing grinding grinding

Question 32

Maximal intercuspation Where the cusps of the maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth fully ____

Answer 32

interpose

Question 33

Angle's classification Class I MB cusp of maxillary 1st molar in the ____ groove of the ____ mandibular ____ Maxillary canine occludes between the mandibular ____ and ____

Answer 33

MB first molar canine premolar

Question 34

Angle's classification Class II MB cusp of maxillary 1st molar is ____ to the ____ groove of the 1st mandibular ____ Maxillary canine occludes ____ to the mandibular canine and premolar space

Answer 34

mesial MB molar mesial

Question 35

Angle's classification Class III MB cusp of maxillary 1st molar is ____ to the MB groove of the 1st mandibular ____ Maxillary canine occludes ____ to the mandibular canine and premolar space

Answer 35

distal molar distal

Question 36

Malocclusion Posterior ____ ____

Answer 36

crossbite | apertognathia

Question 37

Mastication Involves bone/soft tissue/muscles, neuronal control, teeth and occlusion A ____ and complicated neurologic control system Coordinates ____ movements

Answer 37

regulated | muscle