1-Molecules of Life

Question 1

Bacteria consists 30% of chemicals and 70% of water, what do chemicals contain?

Answer 1

Ions, small molecules
phospholipids
proteins
dna
rna
polysaccharides

Question 2

How many different types of molecules may a cell contain

Answer 2

¬1000

Question 3

In how many classes can these types of molecules classified in?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

Fatty acids are the monomeric blocks for____

Answer 4

fat

Question 5

Sugar and fatty acids are energy___

Answer 5

source

Question 6

Nucleotides are energy____

Answer 6

carrirers

Question 7

What are the moonomers of carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Monosaccharides

Question 8

What kind of molecule is glucose?

Answer 8

Monosaccharide

Question 9

Are carbohydrates water soluble or water insoluble

Answer 9

They are water soluble

Question 10

In how many classes can monosaccharides be divided and which ones?

Answer 10

In two….aldoses and ketoses

Question 11

How complex carbohydrates are formed and what special is there

Answer 11

Glycosidic bonds, O2 acts as a bridge and A water molecule is been created

Question 12

How sucrose is formed?

Answer 12

glucose+ fructose

Question 13

How lactose is formed?

Answer 13

glucose+ galactose

Question 14

What is starch and glycogen and which is their function?

Answer 14

They are polymers of glucose that act as energy stores

Question 15

What Lipids are?

Answer 15

molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Question 16

In which classes can lipids be divided?

Answer 16

Triacyglycerols, glycerophospholipids (and other membrane lipids) steroids and cholesterol

Question 17

What a fatty acid has (structure)

Answer 17

It has a hydrophilic carboxyl acid head and a hydrophobic carbon tail

Question 18

What can the structural formula and the length of a fatty acid regulate?

Answer 18

Its physical properties (shape, melting point)

Question 19

What are the characteristics of a unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 19

The double-bond (or triple) is rigid
It is liquid in room temperature
The rest of the chain is free to rotate

Question 20

What are the characteristics of a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 20

It is solid in room temperature

Question 21

Can an unsaturated fatty acid have more than one double bond?

Answer 21

Yes it can

Question 22

What do triacyglycerols (triacyglycerides) consist of, are they soluble or not?

Answer 22

They consist of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol molecule connected with an ester linkage. They are insoluble in water, so they are stored as fat droplets within the cells

Question 23

Why we need triglycerides in our body?

Answer 23

They are important energy storage molecules

Question 24

What glycerophospholipids consist of?

Answer 24

The are the same with triglycerides BUT the 3rd fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group which is connected with a amino alcohol group

Question 25

Are glycerophospholipids soluble or insoluble?( what special)

Answer 25

They are AMPIPATHIC meaning that consist of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, that fact cause them aggregate in an aqueous environment

Question 26

What is the cell membrane consist of?

Answer 26

The phospholipid bilayer

Question 27

What is the steroid template made of?

Answer 27

It is made of fused ankyl rings

Question 28

What is testosterone and oaestrogen for males and females respectively?

Answer 28

They are the human's steroid hormones.

Question 29

What is cholesterol and which is main function?

Answer 29

Cholesterol is a sterol lipid and is an important component for animal cells.

Question 30

What function has cholesterol within the cells?

Answer 30

It rigid and inserts between glycerophospholipids, modulates membrane fluidity

Question 31

What nucleotides consist of?

Answer 31

pentose sugar nitrogenous base( adenine , cytosine , etc) Phosphate group

Question 32

Which are the pyrimidines?

Answer 32

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Question 33

Which are the purines?

Answer 33

Adenine, Guanine

Question 34

How can ATP be broken?

Answer 34

The ATP breaks down in ADP and one phosphate group

Question 35

Are amino acids soluble/insoluble in water?

Answer 35

They are water soluble and electrically charged at ph=7.4

Question 36

In what do amino acids differ to?

Answer 36

They differ to its properties of the side chain ( R group)

Question 37

How many are the essential and non-essential amino acids?

Answer 37

10 and 10

Question 38

How amino acids are connected together?

Answer 38

With polypeptide bonds

Question 39

Are R groups involved into peptide bonding?

Answer 39

No

Question 40

How can amino acids be grouped?

Answer 40

The can be grouped according to the characterstics of their side chains.

Question 41

In what categories can amino acids be classified?

Answer 41

positive, neative( charged R groups) uncharged polar non polar

Question 42

Polar amino acids are hydro_____

Answer 42

hydrophylic

Question 43

Non-polar amino acids are hydro____

Answer 43

Hydrophobic

Question 44

What determines the protein folding?

Answer 44

The interactions of R groups