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FMS: Neoplasia > 1. Neoplasia I- Nomenclature, Hisotology And Cytology > Flashcards

1. Neoplasia I- Nomenclature, Hisotology And Cytology Flashcards

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1
Q

Define nomenclature of tumor biology and pathology, related to origin and behavior (objective)

A

Answer later

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2
Q

Describe gross and microscopic features of benign and malignant tumors- histologic and cytologic features (objective)

A

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3
Q

Benign vs. Malignant Histological and Cytological Characteristics (list)

A 
Anaplasia (lack of differentiation)
Dysplasia (disordered growth)
Pleomorphism 
Abnormal nuclear morphology
Increased mitotic activity
Loss of polarity
Ischemic necrosis
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4
Q

Tumor parenchyma

A

Neoplastic cells

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5
Q

Reactive stroma

A

Connective tissue, includes fibrous tissue, blood vessels and inflammatory cells

In malignant tumors, connective tissue contains abundant collagen and is firm: desmoplastic stroma (palpable masses)

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6
Q

Desmoplasia

A

Abundant collagen and firm in connective tissue of malignant tumors

Palpable masses

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7
Q

Benign Mesenchymal Neoplasm Nomenclature

A

-Cell of Origin + ~oma

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8
Q

Fibroma

A

Fibrous tissue

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9
Q

Lipoma

A

Adipose tissue (lipid)

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10
Q

Chondroma

A

Cartilage

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11
Q

Osteoma

A

Bone

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12
Q

Hemangioma

A

Blood vessels

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13
Q

Lymphangioma

A

Lymph vessels

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14
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Smooth muscle

Very common, occurs in uterus

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15
Q

Rhabomyoma

A

Striated muscle

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16
Q

Lipoma (histology)

A

Cytoplasm has fat vacuole, same size, nuclei on outer parts, benign

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17
Q

Leiomyoma (histology)

A

Spindle-shaped nuclei, same size/shape/staining, benign.

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18
Q

Malignant Mesenchymal Neoplasms Nomenclature

A
  • Cell of Origin + ~sarcoma

- sar= fleshy (Greek)

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19
Q

Fibrosarcoma

A

Fibrous tissue

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20
Q

Liposarcoma

A

Adipose tissue (lipid)

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21
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Cartilage

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22
Q

Osteosarcoma

23
Q

Angiosarcoma

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A

Blood vessels

24
Q

Lymphangiosarcoma

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A

Lymph vessels

25
Leiomyosarcoma
Smooth muscle
26
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Striated muscle
27
Liposarcoma (histology)
Large, more whitish | Nuclei are bigger than benign version, more heterogenous looking
28
Leiomyosarcoma (histology)
Usually massive, variable size and staining properties, see mitotic figures
29
Benign Epithelial Neoplasms Nomenclature (example list)
Adenoma Papilloma Cystadenoma Polyp
30
Adenoma (benign epithelial neoplasm)
Tumor from glands Examples: adenoma in colon, adrenal gland, liver, kidney, salivary gland
31
Papilloma (benign epithelial neoplasm)
Producing fingerlike or warty projections Examples: squamous papilloma upper respiratory tract, urinary bladder
32
Cystadenoma (benign epithelial neoplasm)
Forming large cystic masses Examples: ovarian cystadenoma, cystadenoma of pancreas
33
Polyp (benign epithelial neoplasm)
Forming visible projection above mucosal surface Examples: adenomatous polyp in colon
34
Tubular Adenoma of Colon (histology)
Adenomatous polyp (benign) Abnormal looks darker because nuclei are larger
35
Ovarian Cystadenoma (visual)
Benign tumor, smooth ends compared to normal uterus/fallopian tubes/ovaries
36
Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms Nomenclature (example list)
Adenocarcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Renal cell carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma
37
Adenocarcinoma (malignant epithelial neoplasm)
Tumor derived from glands Examples: colon, breast, prostate, lung, stomach
38
Squamous cell carcinoma (malignant epithelial neoplasm)
Derived from squamous epithelium Examples: skin, cervix, esophagus, lung
39
Renal cell carcinoma (malignant epithelial neoplasm)
Derived from kidney (renal) cells
40
Hepatocellular carcinoma (malignant epithelial neoplasm)
Derived from liver cells
41
Fibroadenoma
Benign neoplasm of breast Biphasic neoplasm- derived from fibroblasts and glandular epithelium Occurs in young women and harmless
42
Fibroadenoma (visual)
Grey fleshy appearance, crease is the glandular component
43
Fibroadenoma (histology)
Glandular- white long duct structures
44
Teratoma (teeth and hair)
1. Germ cell tumor from totipotent germ cell in testis or ovary 2. Can form somatic tissues from all 3 germ layers: Endodermal- enteric-type glands, respiratory epithelium Mesodermal- cartilage, smooth muscle Ectodermal- squamous epithelium, neuronal tissue
45
Tumors that are exceptions to nomenclature
1. Melanoma of skin (malignant) | 2. Seminoma of testis (primitive germ cell tumor responsive to treatment)
46
Criteria to Distinguish Benign from Malignant
1. Local Invasion 2. Degree of differentiation (benign looks normal. 3. Rate of growth and proliferation (malignant is faster) 4. Distant spread (metastasis)
47
Anaplasia (definition and histology)
Malignant tumor, lack of differentiation (no resemblance to origin cells) See abnormal mitotic figures and looks like a mess
48
Histologic Differentiation and Anaplasia
1. Differentiation of a tumor 2. Do tumor cells resemble origin normal cells? - Close resemblance- well differentiated - Little or no resemblance- poorly differentiated - No resemblance- anaplastic
49
Local Invasion
Fingerlike projections, crab looking Invasive Breast Carcinoma with infiltrative borders/invasive edges
50
Benign (visual, histology example)
Fibroadenoma Circumscribed Differentiated
51
Malignant (visual, histology example)
Invasive Breast Carcinoma Infiltrative, locally invasive Poor differentiation, ugly mess on histology
52
Dysplasia
Disordered growth Most common in epithelial organs Can be precursor lesion to invasive cancer ***Intact basement membrane Invasive cancer- breach of basement membrane
53
Dysplasia (histology features)
Loss in architectural orientation Loss in uniformity of individual cells Nuclear pleomorphism Large hyperchromatic nuclei with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
54
Rates of Growth and Tumor Necrosis
Benign tumors grow slow Malignant tumors grow faster Growth rate not reliable to distinguish between benign from malignant Tumor necrosis is feature of malignancy. Rapidly growing cancers may outgrow their blood supply (results in reduced blood supply, ischemia, and tumor necrosis)

FMS: Neoplasia (7 decks)

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