1. Nervous System Flashcards
4 major lobes of the brain
Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital
Where is the central sulcus
Medial region of each hemisphere, separating the precentral and postcentral gyri
Where is the preoccipital notch
In crease between the occipital lobe and cerebellum
Responsibility of frontal association cortex
Intelligence, Mood, Behaviour, Personality, Cognitive function
Responsibility of temporal association cortex
Memory, Aggression, Mood, Intelligence
Responsibility of parietal association cortex
Spatial skills, 3D recognition (shapes, faces, abstract perception, concepts)
Responsibilities of the right hemisphere (typicallY)
Non-verbal communication, emotional expression, spatial skills, conceptual understanding, artistic/musical skills
Aphasia
caused by injury to language areas of the cerebral cortex. an inability to use of comprehend words
Non-fluent (Brocas) asphasia
Know what you want to say but do not have the ability to say it. Not able to coordinate movement of laryx, pharynx, mouth to produce cohernt speech
Fluent (Wernickes) asphasia
Faulty understanding spoken or written words. Do not understand tasks.
Where is the Brocas area located and what is its function
In the motor planning area. Coordinated movement of the larynx, pharynx and mouth to produce fluent, smooth, cohernt speech
Where is the Exners area located and what is its function
In the motor planning area above the Brocas area. Controls both reading and writing skill ability
Where is the Wernickes area located and what is its function
In the superior of the temporal lobe, surrounds the primary auditory cortex. Understanding and interpretation of tones (tonotopic organisation)
Where is the primary visual cortex located and what is its function
The occiptial lobe - the calcarine sulcus runs in the middle of it. See’s shapes and categories them
Where is the secondary visual cortex located and what is its function
The occipital lobe and the posterior/inferior area of the temporal lobe. Interpreting shapes and giving them meaning
What is a fasiculus
A mass of white matter which connects two regions of the brain/spinal cord so that the areas are able to communicate
What is the arcuate fasiculus
A bundle of white matter which connects the Brocas to the Wernickes area - allows coordination of the two areas to produce cohernt language.
What is the angular and supramarginal gyri
Angular - responsible for writing ability
Supramarginal - responsible for reading ability
Both located next to one another in the partial lobe (the supramarginal gyrus is the more anterior area)
The lateral fissure seperates which two lobes of the brain
Frontal from temporal lobe
What is agraphia
Caused by damage to the angular gyrus. Difficulty writing, loss of ability to write.
What is deafness
Caused by damage to the primary auditory cortex, loss of sound and tones
What does the cingulate gyrus do
Relays information from frontal cortex - associated with emotions
What does the corpus callosum do
A broad white matter that extends and connects the left and right hemisphere - allows communication
Hypothalamus
Controls many body activities, mainly regulates homeostasis by sending chemicals to the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland via the infundibulum
