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1. Network security: Networking Principles Flashcards

1
Q

How is data sent over networks?

A

packets

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2
Q

What does it mean for a device to handle packets on a best efforts basis?

A

Attempts to deliver, but no guarantees

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3
Q

What is a packet?

A

Finite set of bits comprised of a header and payload

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4
Q

What is a packet header?

A

Contains routing information, and other details

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5
Q

What is the packet payload?

A

Actual information being communicated

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6
Q

What is network topology?

A

A networks connection structure

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7
Q

What are host nodes?

A

Sources and or destinations of packets in a network

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8
Q

What a communication nodes?

A

Routers through which packets flow

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9
Q

What does LAN stand for?

A

Local area network

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10
Q

What does WAN stand for?

A

Wide area network

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11
Q

What is an autonomous system?

A

A cluster of routers controlled by a single entity

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12
Q

How are packets routed among nodes in an AS?

A

(typically) shortest path, to minimise hops and avoid loops

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13
Q

What does AS stand for?

A

Autonomous system

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14
Q

How are packets router between AS’s?

A

Determined by contractual agreements (and designed to avoid loops)

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15
Q

What is the physical layer?

A

Moves bits between nodes (copper, coax, fibre, radio, etc)

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16
Q

What is the link layer?

A

Deals with the logic to transmit frames to MAC addresses

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17
Q

What layer does the Ethernet protocol operate at?

A

Link layer

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18
Q

What does MAC stand for?

A

media access control

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19
Q

How many bits does a MAC address have?

A

48

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20
Q

What is the network layer?

A

Moves packets between hosts with an IP address on a best efforts basis

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21
Q

What does IP stand for?

A

Internet protocol

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22
Q

How many bits in an IPv4 address?

23
Q

How many bits in an IPv6 address?

24
Q

What is the transport layer?

A

Supports communication between applications based of an IP and port

25
What layer does TCP operate at?
Transport layer
26
What layer does UDP operate at?
Transport layer
27
What does TCP stand for?
Transmission control protocol
28
What does UDP stand for?
User datagram protocol?
29
What does TCP do?
Establishes a virtual connection between a client and server. Guarantees delivery of all packets in order.
30
What does UDP do?
No prior setup, delivers packets ASAP with no delivery guarantees.
31
What is the application layer?
Provides protocols that support useful functions of the internet.
32
What layer does HTTP operate at?
Application layer
33
Does HTTP use TCP or UDP?
TCP
34
What layer does DNS operate at?
Application layer
35
Does DNS use TCP or UDP?
UDP
36
What layer does SMTP operate at?
Application layer
37
What layer does IMAP operate at?
Application layer
38
What does SMTP stand for?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
39
What does IMAP stand for?
Internet Message Access Protocol
40
Does SMTP use TCP or UDP?
TCP
41
Does IMAP use TCP or UDP?
TCP
42
What is SMTP used for?
Email
43
What is IMAP used for?
Email
44
What does SSL stand for?
Secure Sockets Layer
45
Does SSL use TCP or UDP?
TCP
46
What does VoIP stand for?
Voice over Internet Protocol
47
Does VoIP use TCP or UDP?
UDP
48
What are the five layers in the TCP/IP model?
- Physical layer - Link layer - Network layer - Transport layer - Application layer
49
What is packet encapsulation?
The packet from a higher layer becomes the data in a lower level
50
What is a network interface?
Interface between two pieces of equipment
51
What is the structure of a MAC address?
First 3 octets as IEEE-assigned organisationally unique, next 3 must be unique
52
What does a switch do?
Learns MAC address of each connected computer, forwards frames only for the destination
53
What layer does a switch operate at?
Link layer
54
What does a router do?
Maintains table to forward packets to the appropriate network, based solely on destination address

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