1. Nicholas' policies Flashcards
Who helped the Tsar in the 1890’s to improve the economic situation?
Witte
What was the growth of industry in the 1890s labelled as?
The Great Spurt
What is State Capitalism?
The government’s control of the economy using it’s central authority
How did Russia use foreign aid?
Invited foreign experts and workers to advise
Bought in engineers and managers from Europe
How did Witte try and raise capital?
Negotiated loans from abroad
Protective tariffs set up
Gold standard implemented on currency
How did protective tariffs help?
Helped protect Russia domestic firms
How did the gold standard help?
Made the currency stable encouraging FDI.
What was capital invested into?
The railways
‘Transport revolution.’
Miles of track in Russia.
1881 = 13,000
1913 = 43,000
Why was increasing the railways a positive?
Easier to trade
Easier to transport resources
Better communication
What was Russification?
Restricted the influence of non Russian minorities by emphasising all things Russian.
What happened because of Russification?
Official language changed, public office was closed to those not speaking Russian
Discrimination rose
600 new policies on Jews
Rise in Pogroms (by Black Hundreds in particular)
Why was Russification so bad?
Alienated nearly 1/2 of pop
Anti-Tsar minority groups formed
Jewish Bund formed 1897 - Jewish anti-Tsar movement
Why were Witte’s reforms good?
Increases in annual production
Russia was 4th largest economy
1900 economy expanded 8% per year
Annual production increases (1890-1913)(million tonnes)
Coal = x6 (5.90-35.4)
Iron = x4.6 (0.89-4.10)
Oil = x2.3 (3.9-9.1)
Grain = x2.5 (36-90)
