1) Nutrition, Diet and Body weight

Question 1

5 requirements of energy

Answer 1

Biosynthetic Work, - anabolism
Transport Work, - movement across membranes
Mechanical Work, - muscles
Electrical Work, - nervous conduction
Osmotic Work. - kidney

Question 2

How many KJ in a kcal

Answer 2

4.2

Question 3

4 subdivisions of carbs based on length

Answer 3

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides (3-12), eg Dextrins
Polysaccharides (10-1000)

Question 4

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 4

Isoleucine
Leucine
Threonine
Histadine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Valine

Question 5

BMI - how is it calculated?
ranges of BMIs

Answer 5

weight over square of height
less than 18.5 underweight
over 25 overweight
over 30 obese
over 35 severely obese

Question 6

RNI
EAR
LRNI

Answer 6

Reference Nutrient Intake - used for protein vitamins and minerals (enough for 97.5% of population)
Estimated Average Requirement - Used for energy
Lower Reference Nutrient Intake - lower bound nutrient intake (enough for only 2.5% of population)

Question 7

What is BMR?
Factors affecting BMR

Answer 7

Basal Metabolic Rate, one of three factors within daily energy expenditure, along with Diet Induced Thermogenesis and Physical Activity Level,
Maintenance of resting activities in the body:
- maintaining body temperature
- organ function
- biochemical reactions
- ion transport

Body size
Gender
Environmental temperature
Endocrine status
Body temperature

Question 8

Voluntary Physical Activity,
Sedimentary
Moderate Activity
Very Active

Answer 8

30kj a day
65kj a day
100kj a day

Question 9

Kwashiorkor

Answer 9

Low protein intake, huge odema, guves impression of sufficient nutrition

Question 10

Marasmus

Answer 10

Deficiency in all macronutrients

Question 11

Routine maintenance of IV fluids

Answer 11

1mmol/kg/day na+ k+ and cl-
30ml/kg/day water

Question 12

B12 (cobalamin) deficiency

Answer 12

Megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia

Question 13

vit A (retinol) deficiency

Answer 13

Xerophthalmia

Question 14

follate (b9) deficiency

Answer 14

Megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia, Neural tube defects

Question 15

Vit D deficiency

Answer 15

RIckets/ osteomalacia

Question 16

Vit K deficency

Answer 16

VKDBleeding, failure of coagulation chain

Question 17

Vit c deficienct

Answer 17

Scurvy

Question 18

Dietary fibre reference intake
why is it importnat?

Answer 18

18g/day ,
fibre contains 1-4 beta glycosylic bonds.
fibre lack causes constipation and bowel cancer,
fibre good for cholesterol