1-Pharmacokinetics

Question 0

Quantitative processes of pharmacokinetics

Answer 0

Absorption, metabolism, distribution. And elimination of xenobiotics

Question 1

Describes the fate of a cmpd in the doy

Answer 1

Pharmacokinetics

Question 2

Route of administration

Answer 2

Topical, enteral, parenteral, and inhalational

Question 3

Travel of drug across cellular membrane

Answer 3

Permeability

Question 4

Ability of drug to cross cell me,branes..

Answer 4

Lipid solubility

NOTE: weak acids/bases are more lipid soluble in the nonionizable form

Question 5

Ratio of lipid to aqueous solubility; higher partition coefficient more soluble

Answer 5

Partition coefficient

Question 6

Determines percentage of ionization

Answer 6

Henderson-hasselbach equation

Question 7

True or false. Ionization decreases renal clearance of drugs.

Answer 7

False.

it INCREASES renal clearance of drugs

Question 8

True or false. Drug diffusion is usually DOWN a concentration gradient.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Greater surface area: faster the diffusion is to greater conc gradient:

Answer 9

Faster permeation

Question 10

Density of blood supply and faster blood flow

Answer 10

Tissue vascularity

Question 11

Involves large molec that goes in and out of the cell that uses energy

Answer 11

Pinocytosis: Endocytosis

Question 12

Absorption depends on:

Answer 12

Disintegration, dissolution and diffusion

Question 13

Physicochemical properties of drug

Answer 13

Molec wt, ph, lipophilic vs hydrophilic, partition coefficent

Question 14

Other factors that affect rate and extent of drug absorption

Answer 14

Gastric motility, ph at absorptive site, area of absorbing surface, mesenteric blood flow, pre-systemic elimination/first pass

Question 15

True or false. Increase in blood flow results to increase absrorption.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Process by which drug reversibly leaves systemic circulation and enters the interstitial space and/or the cells of the tissues

Answer 16

Distribution

Question 17

Drug distribution is affected by:

Answer 17

Plasma protein binding
Cardiac output on regional blood flow
Permeability and perfusion of membranes
Systemic disease

Question 18

True or false.Drugs bound to chon are not readily administered and active.

Answer 18

False. It is INactive.

Question 19

True or false.High vascular organs receive higher oxgen

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Natural barriers of the body

Answer 20

Blood brain barrier
Placental barrier
Blood-ocular barrier

Question 21

Prevents distribution of drug to areas where their effects may be dangerous

Answer 21

Tissue permeability

Question 22

Decrease plasma albumin in malnutrition, it can result to:

Answer 22

Hepatic and renal disease

Question 23

Decrease in pregnancy and post MI during disease states

Answer 23

Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein

Question 24

Amount of given drug in the body to the conc of drug in the blood

Answer 24

Volume of distribution

Question 25

Volume of distribution formula

Answer 25

Total drug in the body/plasma drug conc

Question 26

Measures rate and extent by which drug reaches systemic circulation

Answer 26

Bioavailability

Question 27

Biochem factors affecting bioavailability

Answer 27

Dosage and physico-chem properties

Question 28

Physiologic factors that affect bioavailability

Answer 28

Gastric motility and presystemic metaolism

Question 29

When two related drugs show comparable bioavailability

Answer 29

Bioequivalence

Question 30

Two similar drugs have comparable efficacy and safety

Answer 30

Therapeutic equivalence

Question 31

``` This route gets 100% bioavailability and has most rapid onset. A) oral B) rectal C) subcutaneous D) Intravenous ```

Answer 31

D) Intravenous

Question 32

``` Route of administration that is painful and often feasible in large volumes. A) intramuscular B) transdermal C) subcutaneous D) intravenous ```

Answer 32

A) intramuscular

Question 33

Responsible for metabolism of most drugs

Answer 33

CYT P450 enzymes

Question 34

True or false. Chronic alcoholics have down-regulated their CYt-P450 enzymes.

Answer 34

False. It is Up-regulated.

Question 35

Phase II reactions involves

Answer 35

Detoxification and makes drug more polar.

Question 36

Activity of drug compared to reference standard

Answer 36

Potency

Question 37

Minimum dose which kills 50% of individuals

Answer 37

LD 50

Question 38

High or Low. High therapeutic index suggests _________ margin of safety and _________ incidence of side effects.

Answer 38

High;low

Question 39

Excretion of unchanged drug or active metabolite

Answer 39

Elimination

Question 40

Sites of elimination

Answer 40

Liver, kidney, lungs, GI tract, sweat, saliva, tears, breast milk

Question 41

Organ that is the Primary site for drug excretion

Answer 41

Kidneys

Question 42

Organ important for excretion of gaseous anesthetics and contributes to paraldehyde excretion

Answer 42

lungs (pulmonary excretion)

Question 43

Time required to decrease concentartionof the drug in the plasma by 50%

Answer 43

Half life

Question 44

``` Drug needs about _____ half lives to be completely eliminated from the body. A) 1-2 B) 2-3 C) 3-4 D) 4-5 ```

Answer 44

D) 4-5

Question 45

A constant amount of drug is eliminated over given time period

Answer 45

Zero order kinetics

Question 46

A constant fraction of drug is eliminated over given time period

Answer 46

First order kinetic

Question 47

Point attained by the drug after approximately 4 hours in order to maintain.

Answer 47

Steady state

Question 48

Rate of administration exceeds rate of elimination

Answer 48

Drug accumulation

Question 49

Correlates well with elimination of drug

Answer 49

Creatinine clearance