1: preoperative nursing care Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the three phases of the perioperative period?
Preoperative, Intraoperative, Postoperative
The perioperative period encompasses the entire surgical experience from decision-making to postoperative evaluation.
What marks the beginning and end of the preoperative phase?
Begins with the decision for surgery and ends with transfer to the OR table.
List the goals of the preoperative phase.
- Assess and correct physiologic and psychologic problems
- Provide learning guidelines regarding surgery
- Instruct on postoperative exercises
- Plan for discharge and lifestyle changes
What are the responsibilities during the intraoperative phase?
Acting as scrub nurse, circulating nurse, or registered nurse first assistant (RNFA).
List the goals of the intraoperative phase.
- Asepsis
- Homeostasis
- Safe administration of anesthesia
- Hemostasis
What defines the postoperative phase?
Begins with admission to the PACU and ends with follow-up evaluation.
List the goals of the postoperative phase.
- Maintain adequate body system functions
- Restore homeostasis
- Alleviate pain and discomfort
- Prevent postoperative complications
- Ensure adequate discharge planning and teaching
What are the major types of pathologic processes requiring surgical intervention?
- Obstruction
- Perforation
- Erosion
- Tumors
What is the purpose of a diagnostic surgical procedure?
To establish the presence of a disease condition.
What is an example of an exploratory surgical procedure?
Ex-Lap.
What does a curative surgical procedure aim to do?
To treat the disease condition.
Differentiate between major and minor surgery.
Major surgery involves high risk and extensive procedures; minor surgery is generally not prolonged and involves less risk.
What are the classifications of surgery according to urgency?
- Emergent
- Urgent / Imperative
- Required
- Elective
- Optional
What are some examples of emergent surgery?
- Severe bleeding
- Gunshot/stab wounds
- Fractured skull
What are the advantages of ambulatory surgery?
- Reduced length of hospital stay
- Lower costs
- Reduced stress for the patient
- Less incidence of hospital-acquired infections
- Minimal disruption of patient’s activities
What are common surgical risks?
- Obesity
- Poor nutrition
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
- Age
- Presence of disease
- Concurrent or prior pharmacotherapy
What is the purpose of routine preoperative screening tests?
To assess various health parameters before surgery.
What does CBC stand for and what does it measure?
Complete Blood Count; measures oxygen carrying capacity and immune function.
What is one reason patients may fear surgery?
Fear of the unknown.
What nursing interventions can help minimize anxiety in preoperative clients?
- Explore client’s feelings
- Provide accurate information
- Give empathetic support
- Allow open discussion of fears
What are the essential elements of informed consent?
- Diagnosis and explanation
- Explanation of the procedure
- Description of alternative treatments
- Expected benefits
- Material rights
- Prognosis if refused
What are the requisites for the validity of informed consent?
- Written permission
- Signature obtained with understanding
- Consent for minors from parents
- No pressure or threat
- Witness desirable
What is the goal of preoperative medications?
To aid in anesthetic administration and minimize anxiety.
Name an example of an anxiolytic used preoperatively.
Diazepam (Valium).
