(1) Protozoa

Question 1

Anthony van Leeuwenhoek 1674

Answer 1

First person to see protista

Question 2

Protista

Answer 2

a kingdom; but NOT bacteria, fungi, plant, OR animal

Question 3

Protozoa

Answer 3

once a phylum in the animal kingdom
-Animal-like Protista

Question 4

General Characteristics (Protozoa)

Answer 4

Unicellular eukaryote

Question 5

Locomotion (Protozoa)

Answer 5

Pseudopod
Cilia and Flagella
1. Paired microtubules
2. cilia=shorter, flagellum=longer

Question 6

Nutrition (Protozoa)

Answer 6

1. Phagotrophs: solid food
2. Osmotrophs: liquid food

Question 7

Asexual Reproduction (Protozoa)

Answer 7

-Budding: fission of smaller cell from larger
-Binary Fission: fission into two equal-sized cells
-Schizogony (split): nucleus divides several times

Question 8

Sexual Reproduction (Protozoa)

Answer 8

1. Conjugation
   -two cell pair, exchange gametic nuclei
   -genetic variation increases, vigor is restored

Question 9

Encystment (Protozoa)

Answer 9

hardcover forms and metabolism slows
-dormancy lasts until harsh conditions pass

Question 10

Types of Pseudopodia

Answer 10

1. Lobopodia: broad lobe
2. reticulopodia: branch and rejoin
3. Axopodia and Filopodia: thin, radiate out

Question 11

Phylum Ameobozoa

Answer 11

Typical amebas
-heterotrophs (phagocytosis)
-some have tests (shells)

Question 12

Phylum Foranifera

Answer 12

foraminifera- calcium test (shell)
-reticulopodia catch prey on ocean bottom (benthic)

Question 13

Phylum Radiolaria

Answer 13

Radiolarian- silica test (shell)
-axopodia or filopodia catch prey as they float in the ocean (pelagic)

Question 14

Phylum Stramenopiles

Answer 14

axopodia prey as they float in freshwater

Question 15

Phytoflagellates

Answer 15

-have chlorophyll
- referred as algae
- sometimes heterotrophic or parasitic

Question 16

Zooflagellates

Answer 16

-colorless heterotrophs (animal-like)
-many are symbionts, some are also parasites

Question 17

Phylum Virdiplantae

Answer 17

-phytoflagellates

Example: Volvox - multicellular colony, autotrophic

Question 18

Phylum Euglenozoa

Answer 18

-zooflagellates

Example:
-Euglena, autotroph, and heterotroph when light-limited
-Trypanosoma - parasitic heterotroph, african sleeping sickness, tsetse fly

Question 19

Phylum Dinoflagellata

Answer 19

two flagella at right angles
-dino: “whirling”
-some are phytoflagellates

Question 20

Plankton (Phylum Dinoflagellata)

Answer 20

small passively floating animals, plants, and protistans in water; base of aquatic food chain

Question 21

Zooxanthellae (Phylum Dinoflagellata)

Answer 21

term for dinoflagellates that are considered algae and that are also ENDOSYMBIONTS inside many jellyfish, corals, and molluscs; a MUTUALISTIC relationship

Question 22

Phylum Diplomonada

Answer 22

flagella: mostly commensal in vertebrate intestine

Question 23

Symptoms Giardia Lambia (Phylum Diplomonada)

Answer 23

causes diarrhea in a number of mammals (humans, beaver)

Question 24

Phylum Ciliophora

Answer 24

1. Multinuclear
   -macronucleous: metabolism, growth
   -micronucleous: divide/exchange in conjunction
2. trichocysts/toxicysts: defensive thread or toxin expelled to paralyze prey

Question 25

Paramecium (Phylum Ciliophora)

Answer 25

1. freshwater osmotroph 2. Oral groove, contractile vacuoles 3. Binary fission (asexual) and conjuction (sexual)

Question 26

Endosymbionts (Phylum Ciliophora)

Answer 26

commensal and parasitic Example: Ick

Question 27

Suctorians (Phylum Ciliophora)

Answer 27

1. young swim with cilia 2. adults become sessile on stalk, lose cilia, develop paralyzing tentacles

Question 28

Phylum Apicomplexa

Answer 28

1. all endoparasites 2. Apical complex aids infection

Question 29

Toxoplasma (Phylum Apicomplexa)

Answer 29

cats a main host congenital (born with) toxoplasmosis: 2% of US mental retardation

Question 30

Plasmadium (Phylum Apicomplexa)

Answer 30

Malaria 1. primary host: mosquito -> gametes -> zygote -> sporozoites -> salivary glands -> humans 2. Secondary host: Human -> sporozoites -> liver -> merozoites -> rbc bursting -> toxins=chills/fever -> immature gambetes picked up by mosquito