1-PSYCHOLOGY,SCIENCE AND RESEARCH

Question 1

Analysis

Answer 1

Investigation for patterns or evidence of an effect.

Question 2

Conclusions

Answer 2

A summary of what findings might mean in terms of overall theory and/or proposed relationships between variables.

Question 3

Data

Answer 3

Relatively uninterpreted information: gathered facts.

Question 4

Deduction

Answer 4

Logical argument using rules to derive a conclusion from premises.

Question 5

Effect

Answer 5

A difference or correlation between samples leading to an assumes relationship between variables in the population.

Question 6

Empirical method

Answer 6

Scientific method of gathering information and summarising it in the hope of identifying general patterns.

Question 7

Falsifiability

Answer 7

Principle that theories must be defined in a way that makes it possible to show how they could be wrong.

Question 8

Field experiment/study

Answer 8

Research study where data are gathered from participants outside the research centre.

Question 9

Findings

Answer 9

Outcomes of a study before an interpretation is made of them in terms of background theory or expectation.

Question 10

Hypothesis

Answer 10

Precise statement of assumes relationships ship between variables.

Question 11

Hypothesis testing

Answer 11

Research that analyses data for predicted effect.

Question 12

Hypothetico-deductive method

Answer 12

Method of recording observations, developing explanatory theories and testing predictions from those theories.

Question 13

Induction

Answer 13

Process of moving from particular instances to generalised pattern.

Question 14

Participant

Answer 14

Person who takes part in a psychological investigation as a member of a sample or individual case.

Question 15

Peer review

Answer 15

Critical review be academics, who are experts in the field, of an article submitted for publication.

Question 16

Pilot study

Answer 16

Preliminary study or trials often carried out to predict snags and assess features of a main study to follow.

Question 17

Population

Answer 17

Whole group or category of people from among whom samples are selected.

Question 18

Qualitative data

Answer 18

Data left in their original forms of meaning and not quantified.

Question 19

Quantitative data

Answer 19

Data in numerical form, the results of measurement or counting.

Question 20

Raw data

Answer 20

Unprocessed data gathered in a study

Question 21

Replication

Answer 21

Repeating a completed study

Question 22

Research prediction

Answer 22

Prediction in precise terms about how variables should be related un the analysis of data if a hypothesis is to be supported.

Question 23

Research question

Answer 23

The question a researcher is trying to answer in an investigation.

Question 24

Scientific method

Answer 24

General method of investigation using induction and deduction.

Question 25

Theory

Answer 25

Researcher’s beliefs about how the world works, about how or why a particular phenomenon occurs.

Question 26

Variable

Answer 26

Quantity that can change; usually used to refer to a measure of a phenomenon.