1 - Pulp Histology

Question 1

can any restorative procedure affect the pulp?

Answer 1

YES

Question 2

what are the effects of irritants and restorative procedures on the pulp

Answer 2

1. affect pulp thru dentinal tubule (indirect)
2. can produce damage thru pulp exposure (direct)
3. can generate heat that affects pulp

Question 3

endodontics is the branch of dentistry concerned with the morphology, physiology, and pathology of the human ___ and ___.

Answer 3

dental pulp; periradicular tissues

Question 4

endo = ___
donto = ___

Answer 4

inside; tooth

Question 5

the study of ___ includes the basic clinical sciences, including the biology of normal pulp and etiology, diagnosis and prevention of diseases of the pulp and periradicular tissues

Answer 5

endodontics

Question 6

what encompasses the treatment of diseases and injuries to the pulp and associated periradicular tissues

Answer 6

endodontics

Question 7

what is the AAE

Answer 7

american association of endodontics

Question 8

what is located in the center of crown and root and is made of loose connective tissues

Answer 8

dental pulp

Question 9

what is enclosed in hard walls (dentin)

Answer 9

dental pulp

Question 10

what has poor collateral circulation and is terminal end circulation

Answer 10

dental pulp

Question 11

when the dental pulp is removed intact, does it maintain its shape

Answer 11

yes, it is a firm tissue that remains its shape

Question 12

what holds the connective tissue of the dental pulp? what reinforces this structure?

Answer 12

held together by ground substance; reinforced by collagen fibers

Question 13

what is the derivative of dental pulp

Answer 13

neural crest cells/ectomesenchyme

Question 14

proliferation and condensation of neural crest/ectomesenchyme forms what

Answer 14

dental papilla

Question 15

what is the mature pulp derived from

Answer 15

dental papilla

Question 16

what is enamel derived from

Answer 16

enamel organ

Question 17

what is pulp and dentin derived from

Answer 17

dental papilla

Question 18

what is cementum and PDL derived from

Answer 18

dental sac

Question 19

what is step 1 of tooth development

Answer 19

papilla -> IEE -> ameloblasts

Question 20

what is step 2 of tooth development

Answer 20

ameolblasts -> papilla -> odontoblasts -> predentin

Question 21

what is step 3 of tooth development

Answer 21

predentin -> ameloblasts -> enamel

Question 22

what is the epithelial diaphragm also called

Answer 22

cervical loop

Question 23

the epithelial diaphragm is the junction of what

Answer 23

IEE and OEE

Question 24

the epithelial diaphragm is the future what

Answer 24

CEJ

Question 25

the proliferation of what forms the root

Answer 25

HERS

Question 26

what happens when HERS is ruptured

Answer 26

exposes dentin to connective tissue. exposed dentin stimulates cementum deposition

Question 27

what are epithelial remnants from HERS and remain dormant

Answer 27

Cell Rests of Malasseze

Question 28

if cell rests of Malasseze are activated by inflammation, what happens

Answer 28

can proliferate providing lining of radicular cysts

Question 29

what is an accessory communication between pulp and periodontum

Answer 29

lateral canal

Question 30

how do lateral canals form

Answer 30

1. root sheath breaks down before dentin has a chance to be laid down 2. if blood vessels are not displaced during root formation

Question 31

what is a narrow opening at root end and a passage for nerves and blood vessels

Answer 31

apical foramen

Question 32

what is the narrowest part of the canal

Answer 32

apical CDJ

Question 33

T/F: the apical foramen maintains its size throughout life

Answer 33

FALSE! apical foramen changes with age due to dentin and cementum deposition

Question 34

what are the zones of the pulp

Answer 34

1. odontoblastics layer 2. cell free zone 3. cell rich zone 4. pulp core

Question 35

how is the odontoblastic zone arranged

Answer 35

palisade arrangement

Question 36

what penetrates the odontoblastic zone

Answer 36

free nerve endings (pain receptors)

Question 37

how do odontoblasts communicate with each other

Answer 37

via tight, adhering, and gap junctions

Question 38

T/F: if one part of odontoblastic zone is affected, many others are too

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

the cell free zone is also called what

Answer 39

zone of weil

Question 40

what is present in the cell free zone

Answer 40

1. nerve fibers 2. capillaries

Question 41

what zone can diminish in size or temporarily disappear during rapid dentin formation

Answer 41

cell free zone

Question 42

what zone contains many undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts

Answer 42

cell rich zone

Question 43

what zone serves as a reservoir for destroyed odontoblasts

Answer 43

cell rich zone

Question 44

what zone is most frequently observed in coronal pulp

Answer 44

cell rich zone

Question 45

describe central zone or core

Answer 45

1. contains loose connective tissue 2. contains larger nerves and blood vessels

Question 46

what are the components of dental pulp

Answer 46

1. cells 2. intercellular components 3. nerves 4. blood vessels 5. lymphatics

Question 47

what are the cells of the pulp

Answer 47

1. odontoblasts 2. fibroblasts 3. undifferentiated mesenchymal cells 4. inflammatory cells

Question 48

describe odontoblast structure

Answer 48

1. cell body 2. odontoblastic processes

Question 49

what cells found in odontoblast

Answer 49

1. RER 2. golgi complex 3. mitochondria (seen in cells that produce tissue matrix)

Question 50

what are the odontoblastic functions

Answer 50

1. synthesize (cell body) 2. secretory (odontoblastic process) 3. mineralizing

Question 51

what is the most abundant cell in the pulp

Answer 51

fibroblasts

Question 52

where are fibroblasts the most abundant in the pulp

Answer 52

cell rich zone

Question 53

what do fibroblasts produce

Answer 53

1. collagen matrix (I + III) 2. ground substance matrix

Question 54

where are undifferentiated mesenchymal cells most abundant

Answer 54

cell rich zone

Question 55

T/F: undifferentiated mesenchymal cells can differentiate into different cells

Answer 55

TRUE

Question 56

what is a reservoir for lost cells

Answer 56

undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

Question 57

what are the different types of inflammatory cells

Answer 57

1. acute - neutrophils 2. chronic - lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages

Question 58

cells of the immune system comprise ___% of the cells in normal dental pulp

Answer 58

8%

Question 59

what are intercellular components

Answer 59

1. intercellular fluid 2. ground substance 3. collagen fibers 4. blood vessels and nerves

Question 60

what is derived from pulpal capillaries and is a vehicle for nutrients and waste removal

Answer 60

intercellular fluid

Question 61

what is a sol-gel substance

Answer 61

ground substance

Question 62

what is ground substance made of

Answer 62

1. glycosaminoglicans 2. glycoproteins (complex protein-carb molecules) 3. water

Question 63

what supports cells and is a transport medium for nutrients

Answer 63

ground substance

Question 64

is the composition of ground substance altered by age and disease?

Answer 64

YES

Question 65

what is the role of ground substance

Answer 65

1. helps regulate overall intrapulpal pressure 2. acts as a barrier against spread of microbes

Question 66

what type of collagen found in dentin

Answer 66

type I

Question 67

what collegen found in pulp

Answer 67

I and III

Question 68

odontoblasts produce what type of collagen

Answer 68

type I

Question 69

fibroblasts produce what type of collagen

Answer 69

type I and III

Question 70

collagen fibers are ___ chains

Answer 70

polypeptide chains

Question 71

immature collagen fibers are called what

Answer 71

reticular fibers

Question 72

what forms collagen fibers

Answer 72

reticular fibril aggregation to form bundles

Question 73

Answer 73

A = core B = cell rich C = cell free D = odontoblast E =pre dentin F = dentinal tubules