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USTH Microbiology (RVSP) > 1. Reviewer ni Dada > Flashcards

1. Reviewer ni Dada Flashcards

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1
Q

Before smearing of the sputum specimen, what must be described of the sample?

A

Volume

Consistency (S, M, MS, MP)

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2
Q

Methods for AFB staining

A

Ziehl-Neelsen Method

Kinyoun Method

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3
Q

Steps in Ziehl-Neelsen method

A
  1. Carbol fuchsin - 1° stain (10 mins)
  2. Heat - mordant
  3. Acid alcohol - decolorizer (5 mins or until colorless)
  4. Methylene blue - 2° stain (2-3 mins)
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4
Q

Steps in Kinyoun method

A
  1. Absolute methanol - fixative
  2. Carbol fuchsin - 1° stain
  3. 5% sulfonic acid - decolorizer
  4. Methylene blue or malachite green - 2° stain
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5
Q

Steps in Gram staining

A

1° stain: crystal violet (1 min)
Mordant : Gram’s iodine (1 min)
Decolorizer: acetone alcohol (until colorless)
2° stain: safranin (10 secs)

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6
Q

Cause of gram positive organisms having a purple color in Gram’s stain

A

Teichoic acid; confers antigen specificity

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7
Q

Confers antigen specificity in Gram positive organisms

A

Teichoic acid

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8
Q

Cause of Gram negative organisms having a red color in Gram’s stain

A

Periplasmic space

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9
Q

Toxins produced by gram negative organisms

A

Endotoxin

Exotoxin

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10
Q

All cocci are Gram positive except:

A 
Neisseria
Veilonella
Moraxella
Megasphaera
Acidaminococcus
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11
Q

All bacilli are gram negative except:

A 
Bacillus
Actinomyces
Clostridium
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Lactobacillus
Erysipelothrix
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12
Q

Causes tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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13
Q

Primary report for TB

A

14 days

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14
Q

Final report for TB

A

42 days

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15
Q

Antibiotics the multi-drug resistant TB (MDRTB) is resistant to

A 
Pyrazinamide
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Streptomycin
Ethambutol

(PRISE)

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16
Q

TB is considered multi-drug resistant already when it is resistant to these 2 drugs

A

Rifampin

Isoniazid

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17
Q

Tests for the presence of E. coli

A

Water Analysis

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18
Q

3 stages/phases of water analysis

A

Presumptive
Confirmatory
Complete

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19
Q

Media used in the presumptive phase of water analysis

A

Lauryl Tryptose Broth/Lauryl Sulfate Broth

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20
Q

Positive reaction in the presumptive phase of water analysis

A

Effervescence, gas production

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21
Q

Media used in the confirmatory phase of water analysis

A
  • Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth (BGBLB)

- E. coli broth

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22
Q

Incubation period for BGBLB

A

24-48 hours

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23
Q

What is measured by BGBLB in the confirmatory phase of water analysis?

A

Total coliform

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24
Q

The E. coli broth measures

A

Fecal coliform

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25
Incubation period and temperature for E. coli broth
- 24 hours | - 44.5°C water bath
26
Positive reaction in the confirmatory phase of water analysis
Effervescence, gas production
27
Media used in the complete phase of water analysis
Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)
28
Steps in the complete phase of water analysis
1. EMB | 2. Gram stain
29
Positive reaction in EMB for water analysis
Growth of colony with green metallic sheen
30
Positive reaction in Gram stain for water analysis
Pink bacilli
31
Used to isolate and differentiate lactose fermenting and non-lactose fermenting enteric bacilli
MacConkey agar
32
Bacteria inhibited in MAC
Gram positive
33
Pink colonies in MAC
Lactose fermenters
34
White or colorless colonies in MAC
Non-lactose fermenters
35
Enumerate the rapid lactose ferementers
Klebsiella Enterobacter E. coli
36
Small, flat, dry colonies in MAC
E. coli
37
Mucoid, pink colonies in MAC
Klebsiella
38
Dome-shaped colonies in MAC
Enterobacter
39
Media for fastidious microorganisms
Chocolate agar plate
40
Substances in Chocolate agar for fastidious microorganisms
``` X factor (hemin) V factor (NAD) ```
41
Alpha hemolytic becteria on Chocolate agar
Viridans Streptococci
42
Media for non-fastidious microorganisms and determination of hemolytic patterns
Blood Agar Plate
43
Partial lysis, green color
Alpha hemolysis
44
Complete lysis
Beta hemolysis
45
Non-hemolytic
Gamma hemolysis
46
Yellow colonies on blood agar
S. aureus
47
Selective media for Salmonella and Shigella
Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA)
48
Characteristic of Salmonella on SSA
Colorless with black center
49
Selective media for Vibrio spp.
Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose (TCBS)
50
Green colonies on TCBS
V. parahaemolyticus | V. vulnificus
51
Yellow colonies on TCBS
V. cholerae | V. alginolyticus
52
Enrichment broth for Salmonella spp.
Selenite broth
53
Diagnostic test for fungal infection
Germ tube test (GTT)
54
Incubation period for GTT
3 hours
55
Positive reaction in GTT
Lollipop-shaped germ tubes (pseudohyphae)
56
The GTT is indicative of
Candida albicans
57
Used to identify organisms based on sodium citrate as sole carbon source and ammonium salts as sole nitrogen source
Citrate test
58
Carbon source in citrate test
Sodium citrate
59
Nitrogen source in citrate test
Ammonium salts
60
Ideal size of sputum smear
2 cm x 3 cm
61
Positive result in citrate test
Blue color
62
Negative result in citrate test
Green or no change
63
Used to identify organism based on the ability to reduce sulfur-containing compounds to sulfide by metabolism
Sulfide test
64
Positive result in sulfide test
Blackening
65
Used to identify organisms that produce tryptophanase
Indole test
66
Enzyme detected in the Indole test
Tryptophanase
67
Indicator used in Indole test
Kovac's reagent
68
Positive reaction in Indole test
Red ring
69
Used to determine if an organism is flagellated or nor
Motility test
70
Test used to differentiate Staphylococcus spp. from Streptococcus spp.
Catalase test
71
Reagent used on catalase test
Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical
72
Positive reaction in catalase test
Bubbling
73
Test used to differentiate S. aureus from other Staphylococcus spp.
Coagulase test
74
Positive reaction in Coagulase test
Clumping/agglutination within 10 secs
75
Reagent used in coagulase test
Rabbit plasma with EDTA
76
Technique used for microbial sensitivity test
Kirby-Bauer technique
77
Media used in the Kirby-Bauer technique
Mueller-Hinton agar
78
Disk the inhibits the growth of S. pyogenes
Taxo A/Bacitracin
79
Disk that inhibits the growth of S. pneumoniae
Taxo P/Optochin
80
Inhibited by Taxo P/Optochin
S. pneumoniae
81
Inhibited by Taxo A/Bacitracin
S. pyogenes
82
Antibiotics used to detect MRSA
Oxacillin | Cefoxitin
83
Specimen for MRSA detection
Nasal swab
84
Used to test the carbepenem resistance of organisms
Carbapenemase test: Modified Hodgkin's test
85
Antibiotic disks used Carbapenemase test
Ertapenem disks
86
Antibiotics used to test for Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL)
Aztreonam | Co-amoxiclav
87
Positive result in ESBL test
Keyhole appearance
88
Agar used for fungal tests
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)
89
Characteristics of fungi colonies on SDA
White, dry colonies
90
Green color on CHROMagar
Candida albicans
91
Purple color on CHROMagar
Candida rosacea
92
Dark blue on CHROMagar
MRSA
93
Principle used in BACTEC
Fluorescence
94
Principle used in VITEK
Colorimetric (card)
95
The Slidex used for
Streptococcus pneumoniae
96
Characteristics of S. pneumoniae on Slidex
Optochin susceptible
97
Colony count in symptomatic UTI
100,000 CFU/mL
98
Colony count in asymptomatic UTI
>100,000 CFU/mL
99
Microorganisms detected using India ink
Cryptococcus spp. | K. pneumoniae
100
India ink is used to detect
Capsules
101
Componenets of the Modified Thayer Martin agar
Vancomycin: inhibits Gram positive Colistin: inhibits Gram negative Nystatin: inhibits yeast
102
Characteristics of a good sputum specimen
>25 PMNs/LPF; less than 10 SECs per LPF

USTH Microbiology (RVSP) (1 decks)

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