1 States of Matter

Question 1

What is the particle arrangement in a solid?

Answer 1

Particles are closely packed together in a fixed arrangement.

Question 2

How do particles behave in a liquid?

Answer 2

Particles are close together but can move past one another.

Question 3

Describe the particle arrangement in a gas.

Answer 3

Particles are far apart and move freely.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: In a solid, particles have _____ energy.

Answer 4

[low]

Question 5

Fill in the blank: In a gas, particles have _____ energy.

Answer 5

[high]

Question 6

True or False: In a liquid, particles are in a fixed position.

Answer 6

[False]

Question 7

What is the main characteristic of particle movement in gases?

Answer 7

Particles move freely and rapidly.

Question 8

What happens to the arrangement of particles when a solid melts?

Answer 8

Particles gain energy and begin to move past each other.

Question 9

What is the process called when a liquid turns into a gas?

Answer 9

Vaporization.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The transition from gas to liquid is known as _____

Answer 10

[condensation]

Question 11

What effect does temperature have on particle movement?

Answer 11

Higher temperature increases particle movement.

Question 12

What are the three phases of matter identified on a heating curve?

Answer 12

Solid, Liquid, Gas

These phases represent the states of a substance as it is heated.

Question 13

What are the two critical points identified on a heating curve?

Answer 13

Melting, Boiling

Melting point is where solid turns to liquid, and boiling point is where liquid turns to gas.

Question 14

What is the melting point of the substance discussed?

Answer 14

20°C

This is the temperature at which the substance transitions from solid to liquid.

Question 15

What is the boiling point of the substance discussed?

Answer 15

160°C

This is the temperature at which the substance transitions from liquid to gas.

Question 16

What happens to the line of best fit during a change of state?

Answer 16

It becomes horizontal

This indicates that temperature remains constant while the substance changes state.

Question 17

What happens to the energy being put into the substance during a change of state?

Answer 17

It is used to break intermolecular bonds

The energy does not increase the temperature but facilitates the phase change.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The melting point of the substance is _______.

Answer 18

20°C

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The boiling point of the substance is _______.

Answer 19

160°C

Question 20

True or False: The line of best fit increases during a phase change.

Answer 20

False

The line remains horizontal during a phase change.

Question 21

What is the purpose of sketching a cooling curve?

Answer 21

To illustrate the cooling process of a substance as it transitions from gas to liquid to solid

The cooling curve is the reverse of the heating curve.

Question 22

What happens to the melting point when a substance is impure?

Answer 22

Melting point depression occurs

Question 23

What happens to the boiling point when a substance is impure?

Answer 23

Boiling point elevation occurs

Question 24

How does an impurity affect the graph of melting and boiling points?

Answer 24

Impurities could be a source of error

Question 25

In the context of purity testing, what does 'Lo goes down' refer to?

Answer 25

It refers to melting point depression

Question 26

In the context of purity testing, what does 'Lages up' refer to?

Answer 26

It refers to boiling point elevation

Question 27

Fill in the blank: When a substance is impure, the _______ is depressed.

Answer 27

melting point

Question 28

Fill in the blank: When a substance is impure, the _______ is elevated.

Answer 28

boiling point

Question 29

What is diffusion?

Answer 29

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. ## Footnote This process explains how smells travel through the air.

Question 30

What factors can speed up the diffusion process?

Answer 30

Factors that can speed up diffusion include: * Temperature * Concentration * Size of particles ## Footnote Higher temperatures increase particle movement, while higher concentrations increase the gradient for diffusion.

Question 31

How do larger, heavier particles move compared to smaller particles?

Answer 31

Larger, heavier particles move less quickly than smaller particles. ## Footnote This affects the rate of diffusion for different substances.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: _______ is the term for the movement of particles from high to low concentration.

Answer 32

[Diffusion]

Question 33

What might affect how fast or far particles can move aside from temperature and concentration?

Answer 33

Factors include: * Size of particles * Medium through which they are diffusing ## Footnote The properties of the medium (e.g., air, water) can significantly influence diffusion rates.

Question 34

How can you tell if someone is cooking?

Answer 34

The smell of food diffusing through the air indicates that someone is cooking. ## Footnote This is an example of diffusion in everyday life.

Question 35

What is a suggested extension activity related to diffusion?

Answer 35

Design a deodorant advert for sporty people explaining how sweating enhances the product's effectiveness. ## Footnote This connects diffusion with real-world applications in personal care.

Question 36

What is thermal expansion?

Answer 36

The increase in volume or length of a material when it is heated.

Question 37

True or False: All materials expand at the same rate when heated.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

Fill in the blank: The formula for linear expansion is ΔL = αL0ΔT, where α represents ______.

Answer 38

the coefficient of linear expansion

Question 39

What happens to the kinetic energy of particles in a substance as it is heated?

Answer 39

The kinetic energy increases.

Question 40

Which material typically has the highest coefficient of thermal expansion?

Answer 40

Metals

Question 41

Multiple Choice: Which of the following materials expands the least when heated? A) Water B) Steel C) Wood D) Glass

Answer 41

B) Steel

Question 42

What is the effect of thermal expansion on bridges?

Answer 42

Bridges are designed with expansion joints to accommodate thermal expansion.

Question 43

True or False: A liquid expands more than a solid when heated.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Fill in the blank: The coefficient of volume expansion is represented by ______.

Answer 44

β (beta)

Question 45

What is one practical application of thermal expansion in everyday life?

Answer 45

Thermostats use thermal expansion to regulate temperature.

Question 46

Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT affect thermal expansion? A) Temperature B) Material type C) Shape D) Pressure

Answer 46

C) Shape

Question 47

What is the relationship between temperature change and expansion?

Answer 47

As temperature increases, expansion increases.

Question 48

True or False: Thermal expansion can cause structural damage if not properly managed.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

What is the term for the expansion of gases when heated?

Answer 49

Thermal expansion of gases

Question 50

Fill in the blank: The expansion of a liquid is often measured using a ______.

Answer 50

thermometer

Question 51

What safety feature in railways accounts for thermal expansion?

Answer 51

Expansion joints or gaps between rails.