1 States of Matter

Question 1

Arrangement of particles in a solid

Answer 1

Regular arrangement

Question 2

Arrangement of particles in a liquid

Answer 2

Random arrangement

Question 3

Arrangement of particles in a gas

Answer 3

Random arrangement

Question 4

Movement of solid particles

Answer 4

Vibrate about a fixed position

Question 5

Movement of liquid particles

Answer 5

Move around eachother/Random motion

Question 6

Movement of gas particles

Answer 6

Move quickly in all directions/Random motion

Question 7

Energy in solid particles

Answer 7

Least

Question 8

Energy in liquid particles

Answer 8

More than solid, less than gas

Question 9

Energy in gas particles

Answer 9

Most

Question 10

Closeness of particles in a solid

Answer 10

Very close

Question 11

Closeness of particles in a liquid

Answer 11

Close

Question 12

Closeness of particles in a gas

Answer 12

Far apart

Question 13

Process of changes of state

Answer 13

-Solid is heated → its particles gain more energy
-Particles vibrate more so weakens the forces that hold the solid together → solid expands
-At a certain temp → particles have enough energy to break free from their positions → melting & solid turns into a liquid
-When a liquid is heated → particles get even more energy
-Makes the particles move faster → weakens & breaks the bonds holding the liquid together
-At a certain temp → particles have enough energy to break their bonds → evaporating & liquid turns into a gas

Question 14

Solid to Liquid

Answer 14

Melting

Question 15

Liquid to solid

Answer 15

Freezing

Question 16

Liquid to gas

Answer 16

Evaporating

Question 17

Gas to liquid

Answer 17

Condensing

Question 18

Solid to gas

Answer 18

Sublimation

Question 19

Gas to solid

Answer 19

Deposition

Question 20

Diffusion in liquids: Diffusion of Potassium Manganate (VII) in water over time

Answer 20

-If you take a beaker of water & place some Potassium Manganate (VII) at the bottom → purple colour slowly spreads out to fill the beaker
-Because the particles of Potassium Manganate (VII) are diffusing out among the particles of water
-Random motion of particles in a liquid → cause purple colour to eventually be evenly spread out through the water
-If you were to add more water to the purple solution → K2MnO4 particles would spread even further apart & solution would be less purple → dilution

Question 21

Diffusion of gases: Ammonia & Hydrogen Chloride

Answer 21

-Aqueous ammonia (NH3) gives off ammonia gas, HCL gives off hydrogen chloride gas → white ring of ammonium chloride forming in the glass tube
-NH3 gas diffuses from one end of the tube & the HCL gas diffuses from the other → they meet & react to form ammonium chloride
-Ring doesn’t form exactly in the middle → it forms nearest the tube where the hydrochloric acid was
-Because the particles of ammonia are smaller & lighter than the particles of hydrogen chloride → so they diffuse through the air more quickly

Question 22

Diffusion of gases: Bromine Gas & Air

Answer 22

-Bromine gas = brown/strong smelling gas
-Fill half a gas jar full of bromine gas & the other half full of air → separate gases with a glass plate
-Remove the glass plate → you’ll see the brown bromine gas slowly diffusing through the air
-Random motion of particles → bromine will eventually diffuse right through the air

Question 23

Solution

Answer 23

The mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent

Question 24

Solute

Answer 24

The substance being dissolved

Question 25

Solvent

Answer 25

The liquid in which a solute dissolves

Question 26

Saturated solution

Answer 26

A solution where the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved, so no more solute will dissolve in the solution

Question 27

What is solubility?

Answer 27

Solubility is a measure of how much solute will dissolve in a solvent

Question 28

What is solubility often measured in?

Answer 28

grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent

Question 29

What is the relationship between solubility of most solid substances & temperature?

Answer 29

As temperature increases, solubility of most solid substances increases

Question 30

What is a graph of solubility versus temperature known as?

Answer 30

Solubility curve

Question 31

What can you use solubility curves to see?

Answer 31

The solubility of a substance at a specific temperature

Question 32

How do you read a solubility curve?

Answer 32

- Draw a line from the temperature that you're interested in (on the x-axis) up to the curve - Then, read across from the curve to the y-axis to find the solubility of the substance at that particular temperature