1: TECTONIC HAZARDS

Question 1

why do people live in hazardous areas

Answer 1

resources, jobs, protection methods, scenery, family

Question 2

typhoon case study

Answer 2

haiyan-category 5

Question 3

different types of hazards

Answer 3

tectonic - earthquake
geological - landslide
atmospheric - hurricane

Question 4

convection current steps (4)

Answer 4

1. when lower parts of the magma heat up, they become less dense and start to rise
2. as they move towards the top, they cool and rise
3. this circular movement is called a convection current
4. this is what moves tectonic plates

Question 5

the three plate boundaries:

Answer 5

constructive - move apart, magma rises, cools, forms shield volcano eg mid atlantic ridge
destructive - denser oceanic subducts, melts and becomes molten magma, pressure buildup, forced up to surface. volcano and earthquakes
conservative - slide past eachother in opposite directions, pressure build up and sudden release causes earthquake

Question 6

earthquake management

Answer 6

prediction: satellite surveying, seismometer, seismic records
protection: earthwuake resistant buildings
planning: public awareness and drills, first aid on hand

Question 7

earthquake case studies

Answer 7

LIC- nepal
primary: death, injury, homelessness, elec and water cut off, buildings fall
secondary: avalanches and landslides, tourism receded, income decline
immediate response: india and china gave aid, search and rescue team with medicine and resources arrived, temporary shelters
long term: landslides cleared, roads repaired, rehousing, rebuilding
HIC - japan

Question 8

low vs high pressure

Answer 8

low = hot air rising, cloudy weather
high = cool air sinking, calm weather

Question 9

tropical storm formation:

Answer 9

1. at 27, moist air begins to rise causing low pressure, forming a thunderstorm which is manipulated by trade winds
2. trade winds blow in opposite direction to coriolis effect, storm spins
3. with the storm growing in power, more cool air is sucked in forming a calm, clear centre (eye of the storm)
4. when it hits land it loses its energy source and begins to die out

Question 10

tropical storm case study

Answer 10

typhoon haiyan:
effects: death, injuries, destroyed homes, water spread disease
management: un aid, education for public, helicopter carrier ships delivered aid

Question 11

what is some evidence for climate change?

Answer 11

global temp rise, ice sheet and glacier melt, sea level increase from ice and thermal expansion

Question 12

talk abt natural change in climate

Answer 12

sun spots: dark spots on the sun that increase the amount of energy the earth receives from it
volcanic eruptions: contain heavy gases that block the sun, which can lead to a cooler change in temperatures
milankovitch cycle: the earth’s orbit, when closer to the sun, more radiation reaches earth, warming it

Question 13

talk abt human induced change in climate

Answer 13

greenhouse gases: fossil fuels, burning of wood, methane released by cows during cultivation
transport: release of CO2
agriculture: deforestation, cow methane

Question 14

mitigation vs adaptation

Answer 14

mitigation: trying to stop
eg international agreements, carbon capture, afforestation
adaptation: changing lifestyle
eg managing water supplies, reducing rising sea level risk, etc

Question 15

somerset flood case study

Answer 15

cause: prolonged rainfall, rivers couldn’t cope
impacts: social - homes and farms flooded
eco: cost of flood damage, disrupted train service
env: sewage in water, debris
responses: immediate - rescue boats, fire brigade
long term - management techniques to reduce risk of future floods