1 - The Chemical Basis Of Biology Flashcards
(29 cards)
What charge does a PROTON hold?
Positive
What charge does a NEUTRON hold?
None (think Neutral)
What charge does an ELECTRON hold?
Negative
What parts of the atom does each molecule form?
Protons and Neutrons form nucleus, electrons form the outer rings.
Are atoms generally +ve, - ve or neutrally charged.
Neutral by having same number of positive and negative particles.
What is an atom called when the protons and Neutrons aren’t equal?
Isotope
What determines the atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus.
What are the shells of an atom referred to, and how do we work out the number of electrons each can hold?
1n, 2n, 3n etc
2n²
What are VALENCE ELECTRONS?
Electrons found in the outer shell.
What do we call it when molecules share valent electrons to join together?
Covalent Bond
What is valency?
The number of covalent bonds that a molecule needs to become stable.
What is the OCTET RULE?
Most of the cells in biology need 8 electrons in the valence shell (outer shell) to become stable.
What happens to the bond in the nucleus as atomic number increases?
Becomes stronger and more energy is required to take electrons.
What do molecules combine to form?
Chemical compounds.
What type of bond commonly creates inorganic substances?
Ionic Bond. Uses the charge.
What is the generic term for ionic and covalent bonds?
Intra-molecular forces
What causes a Covalent bond?
Two atoms sharing a pair of electrons to make a more stable outer shell in each.
What is a Lewis Structure?
An illustration which valence electrons are represented by dots to build molecules.
What are Van Der Walls forces?
Short range, weak attractions and repulsions caused by random fluctuations of the electric charges on molecules.
What are Dipole-Dipole Forces?
A molecular dipole is caused by the uneven distribution of positive
and negative charge among the atoms in a molecule.
What are Hydrophobic Forces
A molecular dipole is caused by the uneven distribution of positive
and negative charge among the atoms in a molecule
Which element is the basis of all life on Earth?
Carbon.
Why is carbon so common in forming organic molecules?
It is ideally suited to inclusion in a huge range of covalent compounds.
(i) it readily
forms covalent, rather than ionic, bonds; and (ii) it can form covalent bonds with elements on
either side of it in the periodic table
What are functional groups?
very simplified way to think about organic chemistry is that it involves big molecules made
out of carbon chains with extra bits stuck on them that do different things. More formally,
these ‘extra bits’ are called functional groups .
