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Biology XI > 1 The Living World > Flashcards

1 The Living World Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

A

Growth, Reproduction, Metabolism, Organisation,
Adaptation, Consciousness, Homeostasis,
Ageing, Repair, Regeneration and Death.

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2
Q

What is the mode of reproduction in the following organisms?

1) Planaria
2) Yeast & Hydra
3) Fungi/Algae/Mosses

A

Planaria (Flat worms) – Regeneration
Yeast & Hydra – Budding
Fungi/Algae/Mosses – Fragmentation

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3
Q

What is metabolism?

A

All living organisms are made of chemicals which are constantly being made and changed into some other bio molecules. The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in our body is called metabolism

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4
Q

What is consciousness?

A

The most technically complicated feature of all living organisms is the ability to sense and respond to environmental stimuli which could be physical, chemical or biological. This is known as consciousness

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5
Q

What is nomenclature?

A

Since there are millions of plants and animals in the world, there is a need to standardise the naming of living organisms such that a particular organism is known by the same name all over the world. This process is known as nomenclature

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6
Q

Which organisation is responsible for giving scientific names to plants?

A

International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN).

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7
Q

Which organisation is responsible for giving scientific names to animals?

A

International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).

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8
Q

Who is known as the Father of Taxonomy?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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9
Q

Who gave the system of binomial nomenclature?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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10
Q

What are the two components of a biological name?

A

Each biological name has two components – the Generic name and the specific epithet

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11
Q

What is the biological name of mango?

A

Mangifera indica

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12
Q

What is classification?

A

Classification is the process by which anything is grouped into convenient categories based on some characters

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13
Q

What is taxa?

A

The scientific term used for categories on the basis of which classification is done is taxa.

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14
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Based on various characteristics, all living organisms can be classified into different taxa and this process of classification is called taxonomy

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15
Q

Which information form the basis of modern taxonomic studies?

A

External and internal structure, along with the structure of cell, development process and ecological information of organisms are essential and form the basis of modern taxonomic studies

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16
Q

What is systematics? What does it take account into?

A

The branch of study which deals with the diversity and relationships among living organisms is called Systematics. It takes into account evolutionary relationships between organisms

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17
Q

What was the title of the publication of Linnaeus?

A

Systema Naturae

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18
Q

What are taxonomic categories?

A

Classification involves hierarchy of steps in which each step represents a rank or a category. These categories are known as taxonomic categories

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19
Q

What is the order of taxonomic hierarchy?

A

kingdoms, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

Kings
Play
Chess
On 
Fine
Green 
Sheet
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20
Q

What is a species?

A

Species, in biology, classification comprising related organisms that share common characteristics and are capable of interbreeding.

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21
Q

What is a genus?

A

Genus comprises a group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera

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22
Q

What is a family?

A

Family has a group of related genera with still less number of similarities as compared to genus and species. They are characterised on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species

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23
Q

What is an order?

A

Order is the assemblage of families which exhibit a few similar characters

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24
Q

What is a class?

A

Class includes related orders

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25
What is a phylum in plants called?
Division
26
What is the biological name of humans?
Homo sapiens
27
What is the biological name of housefly?
Musca domestica
28
What is the biological name of mango?
Mangifera indica
29
What is the biological name of wheat?
Triticum aestivum
30
A herbarium is a store house of what?
Herbarium is a store house of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed and preserved on sheets
31
What all information is contained on the herbarium sheet?
The herbarium sheets contain a label providing information about date, place, names, family, collector’s name, etc.
32
What serves as a quick referral system in taxonomical studies?
Herbarium
33
What do botanical gardens have?
Botanical gardens have collection of living plants for reference
34
___________ are grown for identification and research purposes.
Plant species
35
___________ is the largest botanical garden of the world.
Kew (England)
36
___________ is the largest botanical garden of India.
Indian Botanical Garden, Howrah (India)
37
Where is the National Botanical Research Institute located?
Lucknow (India)
38
What do museums have?
Museums have collections of preserved plants and animal specimens for study and reference.
39
In museums, how are the following specimens preserved? a) Plants b) Insects c) Animals
Plants – Dry Specimens Insects – Insect Box Animals – Stuffed & Preserved
40
What are keys?
Key is another taxonomical aid based on similarities and dissimilarities. It represents the choice between two options leading to acceptance and rejection
41
The keys are based on contrasting characters in a pair called ________.
Couplet
42
Each statement in a key is called a _______.
Lead
43
____________ provides an actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area.
Flora
44
____________ provides information for identification of names of species in an area
Manuals
45
____________ contains information on any one taxon.
Monographs
46
What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?
Anabolism - Synthesis of complex substances | Catabolism - Breaking of complex substances
47
The technical names recognised internationally are the ones given by Linnaeus in _________.
Species Plantarum
48
If both generic and specific names are same, these are called __________.
Tautonyms
49
The term 'Neosystematics' was given by _________.
Julian Huxley (Neosystematics is used to know interrelationship among living organisms)
50
_________ pioneered the currently accepted definition of a biological species.
Ernst Mayr
51
What is the biological name of potato?
Solanum tuberosum
52
What is the biological name of lion?
Panthera leo
53
What is the biological name of leopard?
Panthera pardus
54
What is the biological name of tiger?
Panthera tigris
55
Genus with single species is known as ________ whereas genus with more than one species is known as _________.
a) Monotypic | b) Polytypic
56
_________ is a special type of box in which collected plant specimens are kept.
Vasculum
57
A botanical garden exclusively growing trees and shrubs is called ___________.
Arboretum
58
What are bracketed and indented keys?
In bracketed key, the alternate characters are given numbers in brackets. In indented key, there is a sequence of two or more alternate characters from which selection and elimination are carried out.
59
__________ is the branch of science dealing with identification, nomenclature and classification of organisms.
Taxonomy
60
_________ is the third name in trinomial nomenclature.
Subspecies
61
Who wrote Species Plantarum and provided a basis for classification of plants?
Carolus Linnaeus
62
The internationally recognised binomial nomenclature was developed by Linnaeus in his book _________.
Philosophia Botanica
63
An English naturalist, who wrote the book 'Historia Generalis Plantarum' and introduced the word 'species' was ___________.
John Ray
64
In taxonomic hierarchy, cats are placed under the genus ________.
Felis
65
The most convenient way for easy identification of plants and animals by applying diagnostic features is use of _________.
Taxonomic keys
66
__________ is a list or register containing names of all the species found in a particular place.
Catalogue

Biology XI (5 decks)

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