1. The nucleus

Question 1

Describe the function of the nucleus

Answer 1

Control centre of cell, contains genetic material (DNA), site of synthesis for ribosomes

Question 2

What is the scientific term for DNA?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

Describe the structure of the nucleus

Answer 3

1. Nucleoplasm
2. Nuclear envelope
3. Nuclear pores
4. Nucleolus

Question 4

Explain what is stored in the nucleoplasm

Answer 4

Chromatin which is DNA wrapped around proteins

Question 5

Describe the structure of the nuclear envelope

Answer 5

Contains outer and inner membrane

Question 6

Describe structure of membranes in the nuclear envelope

Answer 6

Contains two layers of phospholipids, forming a phospholipid bilayer

Question 7

What do nuclear pores do?

Answer 7

Allow substances to enter and exit the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex

Question 8

What does the nucleolus do?

Answer 8

Site where new ribosomes are made

Question 8

Define what a chromosome is

Answer 8

A long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic materials of an organism

Question 9

Define what a gene is

Answer 9

Small section of DNA that contains instructions for a molecule

Question 9

What is a chromosome?

Answer 9

A threadlike structure made of DNA

Question 10

What do genes contain?

Answer 10

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 10

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have?

Answer 10

23 pairs (typically 46 chromosomes in a somatic cell)

Question 11

What is DNA?

Answer 11

A long string of paired nucleotides (A, T, G, C)

Carries information organised into units called genes

Question 12

What is a gene?

Answer 12

Pieces of hereditary material passed from parents to offspring

Question 13

Explain the function of the cytoplasm

Question 14

Describe the structure of the cytoplasm and how it helps to perform its function

Question 15

Explain the function of the Golgi apparatus

Question 16

Describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus and how it helps to perform its function

Question 17

Explain the function of the cell membrane

Question 18

Describe the structure of the cell membrane and how it helps to perform its function

Question 19

Explain the function of the mitochondria

Answer 19

Produces ATP for energy release through chemiosmosis

Where metabolism takes place

Question 20

Describe the structure of the mitochondria and how it helps to perform its function

Question 21

Explain the function of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

Modification of proteins and synthesis of lipids Two types: Soft and Rough

Question 22

Explain function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

Has bumpy ribosomes attached to its surface

Question 23

Describe the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and how it helps to perform its function

Question 24

Explain the function of the ribosomes

Answer 24

Produces proteins

Question 25

Describe the structure of the ribosome and and how it helps to perform its function

Question 26

Explain the function of centrioles

Question 27

Describe the structure of centrioles and how it helps to perform its function

Question 28

Explain the function of lysosomes

Question 29

What are microtubules?

Question 30

What are filaments?

Question 31

Describe the structure of lysosomes and how it helps to perform its function

Question 32

Define homozygous genotype

Answer 32

Two of the same alleles

Question 33

Define heterozygous genotype

Answer 33

Two different alleles

Question 34

What is a genome?

Answer 34

A complete set of genetic information in an organism

Question 35

What is a genotype?

Answer 35

The combination of alleles

Question 36

What is a phenotype?

Answer 36

A trait you can visibly see on an individual

Question 37

Cell cycle (G0 stage)

Question 38

Cell cycle (G1 stage)

Question 39

Cell cycle (S Stage)

Question 40

Cell cycle (G2 stage)