1. The Respiratory System Flashcards
(26 cards)
What does the respiratory system develop from in the embryo?
As a diverticulum from the pharynx
Give 3 functions of the nasal cavity
Induce turbulent flow. Warm and moisten inspired air. Recover water from expired air. Speech production. Olfaction.
The pharynx is the paper part of the GI tract. What 3 orafices does it attach to?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What do the paranasal sinuses do?
Complement the function of the nasal cavity
What is the glottis?
Opening between the vocal chords in the larynx
What number ribs are known as the floating ribs?
Ribs 11 and 12
What is the superior thoracic apeture?
Space at top of ribs that communicates with the neck
What vertebrae is a rib paired to?
The vertebrae with which it articulates at its transverse process
What two movements describe the movements of the chest wall during breathing?
‘Bucket handle’ movement.
‘Pump handle’ movement.
How do movements of the rubs and diaphragm cause movement of air into the lungs?
Contract to increase volume of thoracic cavity, decreasing the pressure, causing air to move into the lungs.
What nerve roots make up the left and right phrenic nerves and innervate the diaphragm?
C3,4,5
What are the 3 layers of intercostal muscles? What action are each used for?
External - inhalation.
Internal - exhalation.
Innermost - exhalation.
Where is the major neurovascular bundle located in each intercostal space?
Just beneath the rib
At what vertebral level do each of the following pass through the diaphragm:
Inferior vena cava?
Aorta?
Oesophagus?
Inferior vena cava - T8.
Oesophagus - T10.
Aortic hiatus - T12.
Why might a patient with COPD have pronounced sternocleidomastiods?
Using them to pull on the sternum and clavicle to aid inspiration, leading to hypertrophy
Why do people bend over with their hands on their knees to breath deeply?
Stabilised humerus, to allow them to use their pecs to breath in
What is the azygos venous system and how does it function?
Collects blood from intercostal spaces. Feeds it into the main azygos vein and then into the vena cava.
What part of the lungs is most of the posterior aspect formed from?
The inferior lobe
Anatomically, what are the 2 main differences between the left and right lungs?
Left - has indent for heart, and 2 lobes.
Right - has 3 lobes.
Why is the fact the right main bronchus is more vertical than the left relevant clinically?
If a patient aspirates an item, then is more likely to enter the right main bronchus.
What is the mediastinum?
Space between the lungs which is filled with the heart, trachea etc. Can be split into different planes eg the superior and inferior mediastinum.
What is the innervation of the parietal pleura, and what relevance does that have clinically?
Somatic innervation, so pain is sharply localised.
What is the name of the point where parietal pleura becomes visceral pleura?
Point of reflection
What is a pleural effusion?
Fluid in the costodiaphragmatic recess
