1- Thoracic Osteology, Arthrology, & Myology Flashcards by Staci Thomas

This is the region between the neck and abdomen, it is the superior portion of the trunk.

Thorax

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This thoracic aperture is the communication between the neck and thorax.

Superior Thoracic Aperture

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This thoracic aperture is an irregular communication between the thorax and abdomen.

Inferior Thoracic Aperture

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What are the contents of the Superior Thoracic Aperture?

Trachea
Esophagus
Nerves and vessels of head, neck, and UE

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What are the boundaries of the Superior Thoracic Aperture?

T1 Vertebral Segment
Paired 1st Ribs
Superior Manubrium

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What are the contents of the Inferior Thoracic Aperture?

Esophagus
Inferior Vena Cava
Aorta

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What are the boundaries of the Inferior Thoracic Aperture?

T12 Vertebral Segment
11th and 12th Ribs
7th through 10th Costal Cartilages
Xiphisternal Joint

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The thoracic cavity is surrounded by an Osteocartilaginous Thoracic Cage and contains three primary divisions, which are…

2 Pulmonary Cavities

Mediastinum

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This division of the thoracic cavity is located laterally and contains the lungs and pleurae.

2 Pulmonary Cavities

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This division of the thoracic cavity is located centrally and contains the heart, thoracic great vessels, trachea, thoracic esophagus, and thymus.

Mediastinum

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What are the 3 parts of the Sternum?

Manubrium
Body of Sternum
Xiphoid Process

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This is the superior border of the Manubrium.

Suprasternal Notch

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This is the junction between the Manubrium and Body of the Sternum.

Sternal Angle (of Louis)

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This is on the Manubrium and articulates with the sternal end of the Clavicle.

Clavicular Notch

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Which number Costal Cartilages connect to the Manubrium (via Costal Notches)?

1st Costal Cartilage
Half of 2nd Costal Cartilage

***Other half of 2nd Costal Cartilage is on the Body of the Sternum (it lies right on the Sternal Angle)

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This is the junction of the Body of the Sternum and the Xiphoid Process.

Xiphisternal Joint

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Which number Costal Cartilages connect to the Body of the Sternum (via Costal Notches)?

Half of 2nd
3rd-6th
Half of 7th

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These lie on the anterior surface of the Body of the Sternum between each Costal Notch.

Transverse Ridges

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The Xiphoid Process contains the Costal Notch for which number Costal Cartilage?

Half of 7th

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What are the 3 types of ribs?

True (Vertebrocostal) Ribs – 1-7
False (Vertebrochondral) Ribs – 8-10
Floating (Vertebral) Ribs – 11-12

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These ribs attach directly from vertebral segments to the Sternum via their own Costal Cartilage.

True (Vertebrocostal) Ribs – 1-7

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These ribs attach from vertebral segments to join the Costal Cartilage immediately superior to that segment.

False (Vertebrochondral) Ribs – 8-10

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These ribs do not attach to the Sternum at all.

Floating (Vertebral) Ribs – 11-12

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Ribs 3-9, also called ________ ribs, all contain a head, neck, tubercle, and body (shaft).

Typical

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What is on the Head of a Typical Rib?

Superior Articular Facet (articulates with Inferior Costal Facet on Thoracic Vertebra) Inferior Articular Facet (articulates with Superior Costal Facet on Thoracic Vertebra) Crest of the Head (separates the two facets) ***Remember, the Inferior Articular Facet connects to the Thoracic Vertebra of the SAME number, while the Superior Articular Facet connects to the Thoracic Vertebra one above (it is the hat).

This is the stretch of bone between the Head and Tubercle on a Typical Rib.

Neck

The Tubercle of a Typical Rib has what parts?

``` Articular Part (has an Articular Facet) Non-articular Part ```

The Articular Part (with the Articular Facet) of the Tubercle for a Typical Rib connects with part of the Thoracic Vertebra?

Transverse Costal Facet

The Non-articular Part of the Tubercle for a Typical Rib is the attachment point for what?

Lateral Costotransverse L.

This is part of the Body of a Typical Rib and it houses the Intercostal N. and vessels.

Costal Groove

This is part of the Body of a Typical Rib and it is the anterolateral turning point of the Rib.

Costal Angle ***Very common for fracture

Which ribs are the Atypical Ribs?

1st 2nd 10-12

The 1st Rib is broad and flat and has what components?

Head Scalene Tubercle Groove for the Subclavian A. Groove for the Subclavian V.

What is unique to the Head of the 1st and 10th-12th Ribs?

Contains only one Articular Facet

The Scalene Tubercle on the 1st Rib is the insertion point for what?

Anterior Scalene M.

The Grooves for the Subclavian A. and V. lie on the superior aspect of the 1st Rib. Which groove lies more anteriorly?

Groove for the Subclavian V.

The 2nd Rib has a head, neck, tubercle, and body, but it contains one unique aspect which is the...

Tuberosity of Serratus Anterior M. ***Insertion point for this muscle

The 11th and 12th Ribs are short and do not attach to the Sternum (Floating). They also do not have present a ________ or ________.

Tubercle | Neck

Most commonly fractured Ribs are the ________ Ribs, at their weakest locus, which is just anterior to the ________ ________. Rib fracture can damage internal organs and produce severe pain with respiration, coughing, laughing, and sneezing.

Middle | Costal Angle

This is the term for extra ribs either in the Cervical or Lumbar region.

Supernumerary Ribs

Supernumerary Ribs in the Cervical region typically produce no symptoms, however they can produce neural and circulatory problems based on their proximity to the ________ ________ and ________ ________.

Brachial Plexus Subclavian A. ***Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Supernumerary Ribs in the Lumbar region typically produce no symptoms, however they can result in confusion when?

When reading radiographs and other diagnostic images

What part of the Thoracic Vertebrae contains the Superior and Inferior Costal Facets?

Vertebral Body

Review parts of the Thoracic Vertebrae (if you wanna, but you know this! You're so smart!)

Review 5 minutes

Costal Cartilages connect the anterior portion of the Ribs to the Sternum. ________ individually connect Ribs to the Sternum, while ________ articulate with the Costal Cartilage superior to them before articulating with the Sternum.

1st-7th | 8th-10th

What are the 3 types of joints?

Synovial Fibrous Cartilaginous

This type of joint is united by an articular capsule.

Synovial (Diarthrosis)

This type of joint is united by fibrous tissue.

Fibrous (Synarthrosis)

This type of joint is united by hyaline cartilage or fibrous cartilage.

Cartilaginous (Amphiarthrosis)

Diarthrosis (Synovial) joints are freely moveable, and characterized by a ________ capsule lined with a ________ membrane, a joint space, and ________ cartilage lining the articular surfaces and synovium.

Fibrous Synovial Hyaline

What are the types of Synovial Joints?

``` Planar Ginglymus (Hinge) Trochoid (Pivot) Condylar Sellar (Saddle) Spheroidal (Ball and Socket) Compound Synovial ```

This type of synovial joint is flat, arthroidal, and has non-axial gliding movement (i.e., Acromioclavicular joint).

Planar

This type of synovial joint is hinge and uniaxial (i.e., Humeroulnar joint).

Ginglymus

This type of synovial joint is pivot, uniaxial, and rotational (i.e., Atlantoaxial joint).

Trochoid

This type of synovial joint is one or two concave surfaces articulating with one or two convex surfaces and is biaxial (i.e., Metacarpophalangeal joint).

Condylar

This type of synovial joint is ball-and-socket, triaxial, and allows circumduction in all three planes (i.e., Femoroacetabular joint).

Spheroidal

This joint is characterized by bone, fibrous CT, and bone.

Fibrous Joints (Synarthrosis)

What are the types of Fibrous Joints?

Sutures Schindylesis Gomphosis Syndesmosis

This type of Fibrous Joint consists of interlocked bone (i.e., Skull).

Sutures

This type of Fibrous Joint consists of Tongue-in-Groove (i.e., Vomer bone or Perpendicular Plate of the Ethmoid Bone into the Nasal Crest).

Schindylesis

This type of Fibrous Joint consists of Peg-In-Socket (i.e., Dentoalveolar Joint).

Gomphosis

This type of Fibrous Joint consists of Bone-Ligament-Bone (i.e., Radioulnar joint by the Interosseous Membrane).

Syndesmosis

This type of joint is characterized by bone, cartilage, and bone.

Cartilaginous Joints (Amphiarthrosis)

What are the types of Cartilaginous Joints?

Synchondrosis | Symphysis

This type of Cartilaginous Joint is a Primary Cartilaginous Joint, characterized by temporary cartilaginous unions of Hyaline Cartilage usually between the Diaphysis and Epiphysis of growing bone.

Synchondrosis

This type of Cartilaginous Joint is a Secondary Cartilaginous Joint, characterized by strong slightly moveable joints united by Fibrocartilage (i.e., Intervertebral Disc joints).

Symphysis

For the Manubriosternal Joint, list the following: - - Type of Joint - - Bones Coming Together - - Ligaments Involved

Symphysis (Secondary Cartilaginous) Manubrium and Body of Sternum Sternal Angle of Louis and 2nd Costal Notch No Ligaments

For the Xiphisternal Joint, list the following: - - Type of Joint - - Bones Coming Together - - Ligaments Involved

Synchondrosis (Primary Cartilaginous) -- PERMANENT Xiphoid Process and Body of Sternum Inferior Thorax and 7th Costal Notch No Ligaments

For the Sternocostal Joint of Rib 1, list the following: - - Type of Joint - - Bones Coming Together - - Ligaments Involved

Synchondrosis (Primary Cartilaginous) -- PERMANENT 1st Costal Cartilage and Sternum (Manubrium) Anterior Radiate Sternocostal L. Posterior Radiate Sternocostal L.

For the Sternocostal Joints of Ribs 2-7, list the following: - - Type of Joint - - Bones Coming Together - - Ligaments Involved

Planar Synovial 2nd-7th Costal Cartilages and Sternum Anterior Radiate Sternocostal L. Posterior Radiate Sternocostal L.

For the Costovertebral Joints, list the following: - - Type of Joint - - Bones Coming Together - - Ligaments Involved

Planar Synovial Head of Rib and Vertebral Body (Superior/Inferior Costal Facets) Radiate L. (Head of Rib to Vertebral Body) Intraarticular L. (Head of Rib to Intervertebral Disc) Articular Capsule (Strongest anteriorly as Radiate L.)

The Head of each Rib articulates with the _________ Costal Facet of the superior numeric Thoracic Vertebral segment and the ________ Costal Facet of the same numeric Thoracic Vertebral segment.

Inferior Superior ***The 6th rib will articulate with the Inferior Costal Facet of the 5th Thoracic Vertebrae, and the Superior Costal Facet of the 6th Thoracic Vertebrae.

The Articulating Facet of the Costal Tubercle articulates with which number Thoracic Vertebral segment (Transverse Costal Facet on Transverse Process)?

Same number as the rib ***The 6th rib Costal Tubercle articulates with the Transverse Costal Facet on the 6th Thoracic Vertebrae.

For the Costotransverse Joints, list the following: - - Type of Joint - - Bones Coming Together - - Ligaments Involved

Planar Synovial Costal Tubercle (Rib) to Thoracic Costal Facet (Transverse Process of Thoracic Vertebrae) Lateral Costotransverse L. (Tubercle of Rib to Transverse Process) Superior Costotransverse L. (Neck of Rib to Transverse Process one vertebral segment superiorly)

There are two forms of movement that occur at the Costovertebral Joint, both function to increase the thoracic ________ thereby decreasing the thoracic ________ and producing inspiration.

Volume | Pressure

This type of Costovertebral joint movement is the elevation of the lateral most portion of the Rib, increasing the transverse diameter of the Thorax.

Bucket Handle Movement

This type of Costovertebral joint movement is the elevation of the Sternal End of the Rib, increasing the anterior to posterior diameter of the Thorax.

Pump Handle Movement

For the Costochondral Joints, list the following: - - Type of Joint - - Bones Coming Together - - Ligaments Involved

Synchondrosis Ribs and Costal Cartilages No Ligaments

A (SEPARATION/DISLOCATION) of ribs occurs at the Sternocostal Joint (between Costal Cartilage and Sternum), while a (SEPARATION/DISLOCATION) of ribs occurs at the Costochondral Joint (between Costal Cartilage and Rib).

Dislocation | Separation

For the Interchondral Joints, list the following: - - Type of Joint - - Bones Coming Together - - Ligaments Involved

``` Planar Synovial (between Costal Cartilages 6/7, 7/8, or 8/9) Fibrous (between Costal Cartilage 9/10) ``` No bones, just between the Costal Cartilages. Interchondral L.

For the Thoracic Vertebral Joints, list the following: - - Type of Joint - - Bones Coming Together - - Ligaments Involved

Intervertebral Joint = Symphysis Zygapophyseal Joint = Planar Synovial Intervertebral surfaces of Vertebral bodies Superior and Inferior Facets from C2-L5 ``` Anterior Longitudinal L. Posterior Longitudinal L. Ligamentum Flavum Interspinous L. Intertransverse L. Supraspinous L. Intervertebral Discs ```

This ligament travels on the anterior surface of the Vertebral bodies.

Anterior Longitudinal L.

This ligament travels on the posterior surface of the Vertebral bodies, inside the Vertebral canal.

Posterior Longitudinal L.

This ligament consists of pale yellow fibers which travel on the ventral surfaces of Vertebral Laminae, inside the Vertebral canal.

Ligamentum Flavum

This ligament travels between adjacent Spinous Processes.

Interspinous L.

This ligament exists as Fibrous Cords in the Thoracic region.

Intertransverse L.

This ligament travels on the dorsal surface of the Spinous Processes.

Supraspinous L.

This is the tough fibrous outer region of the Intervertebral Disc.

Annulus Fibrosis

This is the soft gelatinous inner portion of the Intervertebral Disc.

Nucleus Pulposus

This muscle has 11 pairs and overlies the Internal Intercostal M. and is continuous inferiorly with the External Abdominal Oblique M.

External Intercostal M. ***Hands in pockets

What is the origin and insertion of the External Intercostal M.?

``` Origin = Inferior Border of Ribs (posteriorly) Insertion = Superior Border of Ribs (anteriorly) ```

What is the action of the External Intercostal M.?

Elevate Ribs

What innervates all of the Intercostal muscles?

Intercostal N.

The membrane for the External Intercostal M. lies anterior or posterior?

Anterior ***Called Anterior (External) Intercostal Membrane

This muscle has 11 pairs and lies beneath the External Intercostal M. It is continuous with the Internal Abdominal Oblique M.

Internal Intercostal M.

What is the origin and insertion of the Internal Intercostal M.?

``` Origin = Inferior Border of Ribs (anteriorly) Insertion = Superior Border of Ribs (posteriorly) ```

What is the action of the Internal Intercostal M.?

Depress Ribs

The membrane for the Internal Intercostal M. lies anterior or posterior?

Posterior ***Immediately lateral to the Vertebral Column

This muscle has 11 pairs and has the deepest fibers of the Internal Intercostal M. They are separated from the Internal Intercostal Ms. by the Intercostal N. and vessels.

Innermost Intercostal M.

What is the origin and insertion of the Innermost Intercostal M.?

``` Origin = Inferior Border of Ribs Insertion = Superior Border of Rib below ```

This is the term for the insertion of a hypodermic needle through the Intercostal musculature between ribs to obtain a fluid sample or drain small amounts of blood or fluid through the Pleural Cavity.

Thoracentesis

For a Thoracentesis, why is it important to do it right in the middle between ribs?

So you don't hit the Intercostal neurovascular bundle on the inferior portion of a rib, and don't hit the Collateral branches on the superior side of a rib.

A chest tube is inserted to remove large amounts of air, fluid, blood, or pus from the Pleural Cavity. Where is the tube typically inserted?

5th or 6th Intercostal Space

A _________ is the insertion of a _________ into the Pleural Cavity through small incisions for visualizing and biopsying the space inside the Pleural Cavity.

Thoroscopy | Thoroscope

This muscle lies on the internal thoracic wall, and originates on the posterior surface of the lower part o the Sternal Body and Xiphoid Process. It inserts on the internal surface of the 2nd-6th Costal Cartilages.

Transverse Thoracic M.

This muscle typically appears over the Innermost Intercostal M. on the internal surface of the posterior thoracic wall, near the angles of the Ribs.

Subcostal M.

What is the origin and insertion of the Subcostal M.?

``` Origin = Inferior Border of Rib Insertion = Superior Border of Rib (1 to 2 Rib segments) ```

1- Thoracic Osteology, Arthrology, & Myology Flashcards

(107 cards)