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Geriatrics > 1: Urinary Incontinence > Flashcards

1: Urinary Incontinence Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What is urinary incontinence

A

Involuntary leakage of urine

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2
Q

What are the 5 types of incontinence in a female

A
  1. Stress incontinence
  2. Urge incontinence
  3. Mixed incontinence
  4. Functional incontinence
  5. Continous incontinence
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3
Q

What is stress incontinence

A

Due to an incompetent sphincter - which results on the leakage of urine when there is an increase in intra-abdominal pressure

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4
Q

What is urge incontinence

A

Sudden urge to urinate followed by uncontrollable emptying of the bladder

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5
Q

What is mixed incontinence

A

A mix of urge and stress incontinence

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6
Q

What is functional incontinence

A

Physiologically individual is normal, however, cannot make it to the toilet in time due to other co-morbidities

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7
Q

What is continous incontinence

A

When there is a continous leakage of urine

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8
Q

What is the most common type of incontinence in females

A

mixed and stress

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9
Q

What are the 3 causes of stress incontinence (3Ps)

A

pelvic floor weakness
prolapse
pelvic mass

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10
Q

What are may cause urge incontinence

A 
latchkey incontinence
organic brain damage
UTI
diabetes 
diuretics
atrophic vaginitis
uretheritis
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11
Q

What is latckey incontinence

A

sudden urge to urinate when arriving home

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12
Q

What organ brain damage may lead to urge incontinence

A

PD
Stroke
Dementia
MS

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13
Q

What may cause functional incontinence

A

Dementia
Delirium
Immobility

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14
Q

What may cause continous incontinence

A

vesicovaginal fistula

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15
Q

What is the mneomonic to remember reversible causes of incontinence

A

D I A P E R S

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16
Q

What are reversible causes of incontinence

A 
Delirium 
Infection 
Atrophic vaginitis 
Psychological 
Excess fluid output 
Reduced mobility 
Stool impaction
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17
Q

What are 6 risk factors for stress incontinence

A 
childbirth
pregnancy
hysterectomy
previous pelvic surgery 
obesity 
ageing
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18
Q

What are 3 risk factors for urge incontinence

A

diabetes
UTI
neurological disorder

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19
Q

What is a risk factor for functional incontinence

A

dementia

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20
Q

how does stress incontinence present

A

leakage of urine when there is an increase in intra-abdominal pressure (eg. coughing, laughing, sneezing)

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21
Q

How does urge incontinence present

A

urge to urinate followed by a complete emptying of the bladder

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22
Q

What is the mneumonic to remember storage symptoms

23
Q

What are the storage symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A

Frequency
Urgency
Nocturia

24
Q

What is the pneumonic to remember voiding symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A

WIS

  • weak stream
  • intermittency
  • straining
25
After a history, what examination should be performed to examine incontinence
supine pelvic examination
26
Following examination what may be performed to investigate incontinence
bladder diary
27
Why may a urine dip be performed
check for UTI may be causing incontinence. A urine dip should be performed in all women with incontinence
28
When would a urine culture be taken from someone with urinary incontinence
If someone has symptoms of an UTI
29
What are 3 other tests may be performed for urinary incontinence
1. Flow rate and PR volume 2. Pad testing 3. Urodynamic studies
30
What does a reduced flow rate indicate
bladder outlet obstruction or reduced contractibility
31
What is a normal PVR
<50ml
32
What is pad testing
incontinence pad is taken and weighed to see how much a person is urinating
33
In what type of urinary incontinence may urodynamic studies be indicated for
urge incontinence
34
What is first step in management of stress incontinence
Kegel exercises
35
What are kegel exercises
8 pelvic contractions, 3 times a day for 3 months
36
When is a ring pessary used
Evidence of vaginal prolapse
37
What are two other management options for stress incontinence
Tension-free vaginal tape | Urethral Bulking Agents
38
What are the two lifestyle measures for urge incontinence
Reduce caffeine | Weight loss
39
What should patients do before being started in pharmacotherapy for urge incontinence
Complete an incontinence chart for 3 days
40
What is first-line for urge incontinence
Bladder training - should be performed for a minimum of 6 weeks
41
What medications may be given for urge incontinence
Anti-muscarinics
42
Name an anti-muscarinic given for urge incontinence
Tolterodine
43
When is topical oestrogen given
Vaginal prolapse
44
When may a B3 adrenergic agonist be given
Anti-muscarinics are contraindicated
45
What are 2 surgical management options for urge incontinence
1. Botox | 2. Percutaneous sarcal stimulation
46
What are the two broad categories of causes for overflow incontinence
Atonic Bladder | Obstruction to flow
47
What may cause an outlet obstruction to urinary flow in males
BPH | Bladder outlet obstruction
48
What are 4 causes of atonic bladder
``` Idiopathic Iatrogenic Trauma Infection Compressed sacral N ```
49
What are the storage symptoms of overflow incontinence
Frequency Urgency Nocturia
50
What are the voiding symptoms of overflow incontinence
Weak stream Intermittency Straining
51
How does overflow incontinence present
Continous/intermittent dribbling of urine when the bladder is full without an urge to urinate
52
How should overflow incontinence be investigated
As BPH
53
What is used to treat overflow incontinence
Intermittent catheterisation followed by a trial without catheter + treat the cause

Geriatrics (5 decks)

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