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4th yr- CMS- Clinical Skill s > 1- Vital Signs and Neuro Observations > Flashcards

1- Vital Signs and Neuro Observations Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

State a normal body temperature

A

36-37.5 degrees

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2
Q

What is a low temperature called

A

Hypothermia

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3
Q

What is a high temperatire called

A

Hyperthermia or pyrexial

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4
Q

State a normal respiratory rate in adults

A

12-20

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5
Q

Compare a Childs respiratory rate to an adults

A

Children generally have a faster respiratory rate

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6
Q

What is fast breathing called

A

Tachypnoea

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7
Q

What is slow breathing called

A

bradypnoea

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8
Q

How is temperature measured

A

Thermometer

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9
Q

How do we measure respiratory rate

A

Visually counting breaths

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10
Q

State a normal pulse rate for adults

A

60-100 Beats per min

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11
Q

Compare a Childs pulse to an adults

A

Children tend to have a faster heart rate

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12
Q

What is a fast heart rate called

A

Tachycardia

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13
Q

What is a slow heart rate called

A

Bradycardia

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14
Q

How do we measure pulse

A

Counting beats at pulse points

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15
Q

How do we measure oxygen saturations

A

Pulse oximetry

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16
Q

How do we use pulse oximetry

A

By placing a probe on the finger that measures the percentage of haemoglobin in arterial blood that is oxygen saturated

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17
Q

What is a normal pulse oximetry reading

A

> 95%

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18
Q

What might the oximetry reading of a pulse oximetry be in a patient with respiratory disease

A

88-92%

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19
Q

What might give a falsely low reading on a pulse oximetry

A
  1. Cold extremities
  2. Nail polish
  3. Probing finger moving
  4. High levels of ambient light
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20
Q

What is peak flow

A

Peak flow is a simple measurement of how quickly you can blow air out of your lungs.

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21
Q

Why do we measure peak flow

A

Used to help diagnose and monitor asthma

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22
Q

How is peak flow measured

A

You measure peak flow by blowing as hard and as fast as you can into a small hand-held device called a peak flow meter

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23
Q

State a normal blood pressure

A

Systolic 100-140

Diastolic 70-90

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24
Q

Talk through the process of taking blood pressure

A
  1. Explain procedure and obtain consent
  2. Apply correct size cuff
  3. Palpate radial or branchial pulse
  4. Inflate cuff till pulse disappears (this is the systolic)
  5. Deflate cuff fully
  6. Re inflate cuff to 20-30mmHg above estimate pressure
  7. Place diaphragm of stethoscope over brachial pulse. Deflate cuff slowly listening for first sounds (systolic pressure)
  8. Continue to slowly deflate till sounds disappear (diastolic pressure)
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25
How do we measure patient awareness
ACVPU scale
26
What does the ACVPU scale stand for
``` A- Alert C- Confusion V- Voice P- Pain U- Unresponsive ```
27
Describe an alert patient
The patient appears more aware of and is responsive to the environment and follows commands
28
What do we mean by confusion
Are there any new signs of confusion or delirium
29
What do we mean by voice
Eyes do not open spontaneously but do open to verbal stimuli. Able to respond in some meaningful way when spoken to
30
What do we mean by pain
Does not respond to questions but moves or cries out in response to pain
31
How do we check for pain response at LDI
only acceptable method is to hold both shoulders shake and shout getting louder if no response pinch earlobe
32
Describe an unresponsive patietn
A patient that doe snot respond to any stimuli
33
What is hypothermia
Low temperature
34
What is bradypnoea
Slow breathing
35
What is tachycardia
fast heart rate
36
Why do we use a pulse oximetry
Used to measure oxygen saturation by the use of a prove placed most commonly on the finger
37
What does capillary refuel time assess
Assess the amount of blood flow to tissues
38
How do we measure capillary refill time
Apply pressure to the nail bed for 5 secs As blood is forced from the tissue it turn white (blanches) Release the pressure and count how long in seconds it takes for the tissue to turn pink
39
What is a delayed capillary refill time an indication of
Dehydration or shock
40
What is a normal capillary refill time
less than 2 seconds
41
What is pyrexial
High temperature
42
Why might a dentist need to give an injection
To provide route when oral administration is contra indicated eg nausea, unconscious , compliance issue
43
What are the risks of a dentist giving an injection
1. Painful especially for children 2. Infection 3. Problems with coagulopathy 4. Risk of tissue damage 5. Risk of too rapid absorption 6. Possible poor absorption 7. Needle Phobic
44
What injections might a dentist give
Adrenaline Glucagon Insulin Heparin
45
What are the different types of injections we can give
1. Intramuscular | 2. Subcutaneous
46
What considerations do we need to take before giving an injection
1. Identification of need 2. Prescription and allergies 3. Explanation and consent 4. Infection control
47
Before administration a drug what should we check
1. Drug name 2. Dose 3. Expiry date 4. Seal intact 5. Medication not deteriorated
48
Talk through the steps of giving an injection
1. Maintain dignity of patient at all times 2. Wash hands and wear gloves 3. Expose site and check medication 4. Draw solution and change needle 5. Insert needle 6. Dispose into shapes bin 7. Wash hands 8. Documentation
49
Where can you give an intramuscular injection
1. Deltoid 2. Lateral thigh 3. Gluteal
50
What drugs might a dentist give in an intramuscular injection
1. Analgesia | 2. Antibiotics
51
At what angle do you give an intramuscular injection and how far do we want to go
90 degree insertion angle | Need to go into muscle
52
Where can give a subcutaneous injection
1. Upper outer arm 2. abdomen 3. buttock 4. thigh
53
At what angle do you give a subcutaneous injection and how far do we want to go
45 degree insertion aiming for the subcutaneous tissue
54
What drugs might a dentist give in a subcutaneous injection
1. Insulin | 2. Heparin
55
When might you check a patients blood glucose levels
1. Routine assessment in diabetics 2. If patient collapses 3. Patient complains of dizziness 4. Glycosuria 5. Unexplained weight change 6. Abdo pain 7. Alcohol related cases 8. Drug overdose 9. Major trauma/illness
56
What does blood glucose level vary with
1. Food intake 2. Insulin 3. Exercise 4. Stress 5. Illness
57
State a normal fasting blood glucose value
3.9 – 6.1 mmol/l
58
If a patient has a higher blood glucose value what should you ask
1. Ask about recent food/ drink intake | 2. Ask about new recent symptoms
59
If a patient has a lower blood glucose value what should you do
give glucose drink followed by complex carbs if conscious. If unconscious, give glucagon
60
What should you do if someone suffers from an inoculation injury/ bite
1. Encourage puncture site to bleed 2. Wash site with soap and water 3. Cover with a waterproof dressing 4. Report the incident prompts
61
What should you of if body fluids smash into someones eyes or mouth
1. Irrigate eyes with eater 2. Rinse mouth with waster DO NOT SWALLOW 3. Report incident promptly
62
What is hyperthermia
High temperature
63
What is Tachypnoea
Fast breathing
64
What is Bradycardia
Slow heart rate

4th yr- CMS- Clinical Skill s (3 decks)

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