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T3- Xray > 1. wk 2 x ray generators & components > Flashcards

1. wk 2 x ray generators & components Flashcards

ended at 35 (63 cards)

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1
Q

The anode has a ___ charge

A

+

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2
Q

the cathode has a ___ charge

A

-

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3
Q

____ is where the x ray is produced

A

anode

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4
Q

the ____ occurs in the cathode

A

thermionic emission

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5
Q

the filament is made of _____ metal

A

thoriated tungsten

- has a high melting pt

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6
Q

tungsten provides for a higher ____ emission

A

thermionic

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7
Q

Melting pt of tungsten

A

3410 C

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8
Q

the focusing cup is ___ charged

A

negatively

  • to repell electrons
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9
Q

_____: used to direct the meg. charged e- into a smaller area on the target

A

focusing cup

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10
Q

if I want a very detailed x ray i will use the ___ filament

A

small filament

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11
Q

the small filament is used when better ___ is required

A

spatial resolution

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12
Q

the large focal spot is ued when _______ are imaged

A

large body parts

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13
Q

____ draws the ep from the cathode toward it bc of its + charge

A

anode

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14
Q

**The anode has three main fxn

A
  1. electrical conductor
  2. mechanical support for the target
  3. thermal dissipator
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15
Q

the target of the anode is made of tungsten for 3 reasons

A
  1. atomic number = high efficiency & nrg x rays bc of the wt. of it
  2. thermal conductivity
  3. high melting pt
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16
Q

3 main factors that alter the anode heel effect

A
  1. anode angle
  2. distance
  3. x ray field
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17
Q

The ___ the angle, the ___ the heel effect

A

smaller angle = greaer heel effect

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18
Q

the ___ the distance, the ___ the heel effect

A

shorter distance = greater heel effect

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19
Q

the ___ the field size. the ___ the heel effect

A

larger the field size= greater heel effect

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20
Q

______: anode rotates inside the enclosure w/ no mech connection to the outside

A

induction motor

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21
Q

___ holds the electromagnets outside of the induction motor

A

stator

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22
Q

the ___ is the portion on the inside of the induction motor

A

rotor

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23
Q

the rotor consists of the _____ shaft

A

copper/iron shaft

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24
Q

velocity = ___ x ___

A

freq x wavelength

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25
in the freq increases the wavelength _____
decreases
26
the value of velocity is the ____
speed of light
27
the x ray machine consists of 3 components
operating console high voltage generator x ray tube
28
x ray imaging systems are designed to operate on ___v power
220v
29
* the _____ measures the voltage provided o the x ray machine and adjusts that voltage to ____
LINE COMPENSATOR 220V
30
radiation quantity refers to the _____ of x rays or ___ of the beam
number of x rays intensity of the beam
31
radiation is expressed in ____ or ___
milliroentgens (mR) | milliroentgens/milliampere-second (mR/mAs)
32
_____: refers to the penetrability of the x ray beam
radiation NRG (kVp)
33
radiation energy is expressed in _____
kilovolt peak (kVp)
34
______: tells how many x rays are made during a unit of time
radiation quantity (mAs)
35
the number of x rays that reach the image receptor is directly related to both the ______ and the _____
x ray tube current (mA) the time (s) that the tube is energized
36
(2) things that must occur for an x ray to be produced
1. reach high voltage potential | 2. direct current (DC)
37
(3) characterisitics of a voltage rectifier
1. current to flow in one direction 2. converts AC to DC 3. uses diodes
38
high voltage generators require (2)
1. high voltage transformers | 2. voltage rectifier
39
What is the limited factor as to how many x rays can be made in a single exposure
the amt of wasted heat energy by the x ray
40
the lower voltage ripple = the greater the x ray ___ & ___ , as a result of constant voltage supplied in tube
quantity and NRG
41
* when x rays are produced, the are emitted ____
isotrophically | - equal intensity in all directions
42
_____/____: x rays that are emitted through the window of the tube
useful beam, or primary beam
43
_____: x rays that escape through the protective housing
leakage radiation
44
leakage radiation must not exceed ____
100mR/hr at 1 meter
45
the _____ is where the x rays are created
x ray tube - components: cathode and anode
46
What is the basic internal component of a x ray tube
cathode | anode
47
most common cause of tube failure
as the tube ages, tungsten vaporizes and coats the inside of the glass
48
cathode is ___ charged
negatively
49
_______: when an electricity circuit sends electrons to the filaments in the focusing cup. Heats up the pt of boiling off a clous of e-
thermionic emission
50
the filaments are hold in the _____
focusing cup of the cathode - it is neg. charged
51
the cloud of e- produced at the cathode is known as ______
space change
52
the build up of neg charge makes it difficult for e- to be emitted by the filament due to _____
electrostatic repulsion - limiting factor
53
the anode is _____charged
positively | - draws e- from the cathode towards it
54
x rays are created when e- are shot over from the ___ and slam into the ____
from the cathode to the anode
55
name 2 types of anodes
stationary | rotating
56
_____anodes are used in xray units in which high tube current and power are not req.
stationary anodes ex: dental, portable units
57
What are the two reasons as to why rotating anodes are able to produce higher nrg xrays and shorter exposure time
1. more surface area | 2. heat dissipation
58
if the freq increases, the wavelength would ____
decrease
59
(3) components of an x ray machine
operating console high voltage generators x ray tube
60
Most x ray imaging systems are designed to operate at ___v power
220V
61
_____ measures the voltage provided to the xray machine
line compensator
62
____ refers tot the number of x rays / intensity of the x ray beam
radiation quantity
63
Radiation NRG refers to the _____ of the x ray
penetrability

T3- Xray (3 decks)

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