10-11

Question 1

What is one of the four primary tissue types in the body responsible for movement and contraction?
A) Epithelial tissue
B) Muscle tissue
C) Nervous tissue
D) Connective tissue

Answer 1

Answer: B) Muscle tissue

Question 2

Approximately what percentage of an individual’s body weight is muscle tissue?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Answer 2

Answer: B) 50%

Question 3

Which characteristic of muscle allows it to respond to stimuli?
A) Contractibility
B) Excitability
C) Extensibility
D) Elasticity

Answer 3

Answer: B) Excitability

Question 4

What type of muscle tissue is found attached to bones?
A) Cardiac muscle
B) Smooth muscle
C) Skeletal muscle
D) Epithelial muscle

Answer 4

Answer: C) Skeletal muscle

Question 5

Which type of muscle is involuntary and found only in the heart?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Smooth muscle
D) All muscle types

Answer 5

Answer: B) Cardiac muscle

Question 6

Smooth muscle cells are typically shaped like what?
A) Cylinders
B) Branches
C) Spindles
D) Striations

Answer 6

Answer: C) Spindles

Question 7

Which type of muscle has striations and intercalated discs?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Smooth muscle
C) Cardiac muscle
D) All muscle types

Answer 7

Answer: C) Cardiac muscle

Question 8

What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?
A) Pumping blood
B) Movement of the skeleton
C) Maintaining organ shape
D) Digesting food

Answer 8

Answer: B) Movement of the skeleton

Question 9

What type of connective tissue surrounds the entire muscle?
A) Endomysium
B) Perimysium
C) Epimysium
D) Aponeurosis

Answer 9

Answer: C) Epimysium

Question 10

Which structure in muscle fibers is responsible for calcium storage?
A) Sarcolemma
B) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) Myofibril
D) Myofilament

Answer 10

Answer: B) Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

What is the area called where a motor neuron innervates a muscle cell?
A) Neuromuscular junction
B) Sarcomere
C) Synaptic cleft
D) Axon terminal

Answer 11

Answer: A) Neuromuscular junction

Question 12

During muscle contraction, what binds to troponin to initiate the contraction process?
A) Sodium ions
B) Acetylcholine
C) Calcium ions
D) Potassium ions

Answer 12

Answer: C) Calcium ions

Question 13

What mechanism describes how muscle fibers contract?
A) Cross-bridge cycling
B) Isometric contraction
C) Hyperpolarization
D) Anaerobic respiration

Answer 13

Answer: A) Cross-bridge cycling

Question 14

What happens during the power stroke of muscle contraction?
A) Calcium binds to troponin
B) Myosin heads pivot
C) ATP is produced
D) Actin moves away

Answer 14

Answer: B) Myosin heads pivot

Question 15

Which energy source is primarily used for immediate muscle contraction?
A) Glucose
B) ATP
C) Glycogen
D) Creatine phosphate

Answer 15

Answer: B) ATP

Question 16

Which type of muscle contraction occurs when muscle length changes to move a load?
A) Isometric contraction
B) Isotonic contraction
C) Static contraction
D) Dynamic contraction

Answer 16

Answer: B) Isotonic contraction

Question 17

What is the term for the amount of oxygen needed to restore ATP levels after exercise?
A) Oxygen debt
B) Muscle fatigue
C) Aerobic threshold
D) Metabolic demand

Answer 17

Answer: A) Oxygen debt

Question 18

Which type of skeletal muscle fiber has high resistance to fatigue?
A) Fast-glycolytic
B) Slow-oxidative
C) Fast-oxidative
D) All muscle fibers

Answer 18

Answer: B) Slow-oxidative

Question 19

What occurs when multiple motor units are activated to increase muscle strength?
A) Muscle tension
B) Recruitment
C) Summation
D) Twitch

Answer 19

Answer: B) Recruitment

Question 20

What is the primary structural unit of skeletal muscle?
A) Fiber
B) Sarcomere
C) Myofibril
D) Myofilament

Answer 20

Answer: B) Sarcomere

Question 21

Which type of contraction does not change muscle length?
A) Isotonic
B) Isometric
C) Eccentric
D) Concentric

Answer 21

Answer: B) Isometric

Question 22

What is a single stimulus-contraction-relaxation sequence in a muscle fiber called?
A) Myogram
B) Wave summation
C) Twitch
D) Tetanus

Answer 22

Answer: C) Twitch

Question 23

What can cause muscle fatigue?
A) High levels of ATP
B) Excessive lactic acid
C) Abundant oxygen
D) Increased muscle tone

Answer 23

Answer: B) Excessive lactic acid

Question 24

Which muscle type is typically involved in endurance exercise?
A) Fast-glycolytic fibers
B) Slow-oxidative fibers
C) Fast-oxidative fibers
D) All muscle types

Answer 24

Answer: B) Slow-oxidative fibers

Question 25

Which substance is often associated with muscle hypertrophy? A) Lactic acid B) Creatine phosphate C) Anabolic steroids D) ATP

Answer 25

Answer: C) Anabolic steroids

Question 26

What is the primary function of cardiac muscle? A) Voluntary movement B) Pumping blood C) Digestion D) Body support

Answer 26

Answer: B) Pumping blood

Question 27

Which characteristic is unique to cardiac muscle? A) Multi-nucleated B) Short and branched cells C) Striations only D) Voluntary control

Answer 27

Answer: B) Short and branched cells

Question 28

Which muscle type is found in the walls of hollow organs? A) Skeletal muscle B) Cardiac muscle C) Smooth muscle D) Epithelial muscle

Answer 28

Answer: C) Smooth muscle

Question 29

What type of muscle fiber is predominantly used during high-intensity exercise? A) Slow-oxidative B) Fast-glycolytic C) Fast-oxidative D) Cardiac muscle

Answer 29

Answer: B) Fast-glycolytic

Question 30

What do intercalated discs in cardiac muscle tissue contain? A) Myofibrils B) Gap junctions and desmosomes C) Sarcoplasmic reticulum D) Actin and myosin

Answer 30

Answer: B) Gap junctions and desmosomes

Question 31

Which process occurs when muscle fibers are stimulated at a high frequency? A) Tetanus B) Fatigue C) Wave summation D) Recruitment

Answer 31

Answer: A) Tetanus

Question 32

What initiates the contraction process in muscle fibers? A) ATP binding B) Calcium release C) Sodium influx D) Motor neuron stimulation

Answer 32

Answer: B) Calcium release

Question 33

What does the term 'hypertrophy' refer to? A) Muscle wasting B) Muscle increase in size C) Muscle contraction D) Muscle relaxation

Answer 33

Answer: B) Muscle increase in size

Question 34

Which type of muscle fibers have a high myoglobin content? A) Slow-oxidative B) Fast-glycolytic C) Fast-oxidative D) All muscle types

Answer 34

Answer: A) Slow-oxidative

Question 35

What structure allows for the electrical signal to spread throughout muscle fibers? A) T-tubules B) Sarcoplasm C) Epimysium D) Neuromuscular junction

Answer 35

Answer: A) T-tubules

Question 36

What happens to the muscle when the load exceeds the muscle's tension during an isometric contraction? A) Muscle shortens B) Muscle relaxes C) Muscle length remains the same D) Muscle hypertrophies

Answer 36

Answer: C) Muscle length remains the same

Question 37

What happens to muscle fibers when they are exposed to regular resistance training? A) Atrophy B) Hypertrophy C) Necrosis D) Fibrosis

Answer 37

Answer: B) Hypertrophy

Question 38

What is the term for the period when a muscle is stimulated but has not yet begun to contract? A) Contraction phase B) Relaxation phase C) Latent period D) Recovery phase

Answer 38

Answer: C) Latent period

Question 39

Which ion is crucial for muscle contraction to occur? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Chloride

Answer 39

Answer: C) Calcium

Question 40

What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle fibers? A) ATP production B) Storage and release of calcium C) Providing energy for contraction D) Forming muscle fiber structure

Answer 40

Answer: B) Storage and release of calcium

Question 41

What does the term 'muscle tone' refer to? A) Complete muscle relaxation B) The state of partial contraction of muscles C) Muscle hypertrophy D) Muscle atrophy

Answer 41

Answer: B) The state of partial contraction of muscles

Question 42

What type of muscle fibers are best suited for sprinting? A) Slow-oxidative fibers B) Fast-glycolytic fibers C) Fast-oxidative fibers D) Cardiac muscle fibers

Answer 42

Answer: B) Fast-glycolytic fibers

Question 43

What adaptation occurs in muscles as a response to aerobic training? A) Increased myofibril size B) Increased mitochondrial density C) Decreased capillary networks D) Decreased endurance

Answer 43

Answer: B) Increased mitochondrial density

Question 44

Which structure helps to anchor the thick filaments in a sarcomere? A) Z-line B) M-line C) A-band D) I-band

Answer 44

Answer: B) M-line

Question 45

What is the primary neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction? A) Norepinephrine B) Dopamine C) Acetylcholine D) Serotonin

Answer 45

Answer: C) Acetylcholine

Question 46

Which type of muscle fiber is characterized by high fatigue resistance? A) Fast-twitch fibers B) Slow-twitch fibers C) Intermediate fibers D) None of the above

Answer 46

Answer: B) Slow-twitch fibers

Question 47

What occurs during the recovery phase after intense exercise? A) Decreased oxygen consumption B) Oxygen debt is repaid C) Increased heart rate D) All of the above

Answer 47

Answer: B) Oxygen debt is repaid

Question 48

Which muscle type has a higher density of mitochondria? A) Skeletal muscle B) Cardiac muscle C) Smooth muscle D) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle

Answer 48

Answer: D) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle

Question 49

What is the function of the intercalated discs in cardiac muscle? A) Increase contraction speed B) Provide mechanical and electrical connections C) Store calcium ions D) Prevent fatigue

Answer 49

Answer: B) Provide mechanical and electrical connections

Question 50

What is the main energy source for muscle contraction during short, intense activities? A) Fatty acids B) Glycogen C) Creatine phosphate D) Glucose

Answer 50

Answer: C) Creatine phosphate