10/14 Lecture Flashcards
(22 cards)
BUDDING
Process whereby a virus pushes through an animal cell plasma membrane, capturing part of the membrane in the process. XXX produces the viral envelope.
MESSENGER RNA
A segment of RNA that encodes a single protein.
GENE
A segment of DNA that encodes a single protein.
TRANSLATION
The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of “language” from nucleotides to amino acids.
TRANSCRIPTION
The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.
VIRAL GLYCOPROTEINS
Spike proteins, encoded by mRNA.
CRISPR/CAS9
New gnome editing technology.
ZIKA VIRUS
a reduction in size of the brain & skull in babies. (MICROCEPHALY)
ZIKA VIRUS TRANSMITTION (SPREAD BY)
- mosquitos
- sexual
- vertical
- blood transfusion
OXITEC
genetically engineered a “self destruct” gene in mosquitos.
“SELF DESTRUCT” GENE
males would mate with females; offspring would die before adulthood.
THE EXTINCTION INVENTION
A genetic technology that can kill off mosquitos species could eradicate malaria. But is it too risky to ever use? Ecosystem?
CRISPR/CAS9 GENE EDITING TOOL
- derived from an adaptive system immune bacteria.
- use by bacteria to fight off repeat attacks of plagues.
COMPONENTS OF CRIPR
- CAS 9 nuclease: enzyme that cuts DNA
- guide RNA: allows Cas 9 to recognize vital DNA.
CRISPR Step 1
bacteria carry bacteriophage DNA from prior infection
CRISPR Step 2
Bacteriophage DNA segment is transcribed to become a guide RNA
CRISPR Step 3
Guide RNA and CAS9 nuclease assemble
CRISPR Step 4
Bacterium infected by another bacteriophage
CRISPR Step 5
Guide RNA & CAS9 nuclease find bacteriophage DNA and destroy it.
CRISPR Step 6
Bacterium is protected from the virus attack
Genome Editing w/CRISPR
“knock out”
Enzyme is guided to complimentary DNA sequence. DNA is cut and can be replaced, replicated, edited, or removed.
DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
is caused by a recessive mutation in Dystrophin.
