10-18 Review

Question 0

Long term memory

Answer 0

Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.

Question 1

Short term memory

Answer 1

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten

Question 2

Acoustic encoding

Answer 2

Encoding of sound, especially the sound of words

Question 3

Semantic encoding

Answer 3

Encoding of waning, including the meaning of words

Question 4

Visual encoding

Answer 4

Encoding of picture images

Question 5

Effortful processing

Answer 5

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Question 6

Automatic processing

Answer 6

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency

Question 7

Context dependent

Answer 7

refers to improved recall of specific episodes or information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same

Question 8

State-dependent memories

Answer 8

the phenomenon through which memory retrieval is most efficient when an individual is in the same state of consciousness as they were when the memory was formed

Question 9

Proactive interference

Answer 9

Disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new info

Question 10

Retroactive interference

Answer 10

Disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

Question 11

Hippocampus

Answer 11

Neural center located in the lambic system that helps process explicit memories from storage.

Question 12

Amygdala

Answer 12

Two Lima bean sized neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion

Question 13

Heuristics

Answer 13

Simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently

Question 14

Algorithms

Answer 14

Logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.

Question 15

Concepts

Answer 15

Mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

Question 16

Prototypes

Answer 16

Mental image or best example of a category

Question 17

Phonemes

Answer 17

Basic unit of sound

Question 18

Morphemes

Answer 18

Basic unit of meaning

Question 19

Spearmans theory of intelligence

Answer 19

the general factor of intelligence in psychology

Question 20

Gardners theory of intelligence

Answer 20

is a theory of intelligence that differentiates it into specific (primarily sensory) “modalities”, rather than seeing intelligence as dominated by a single general ability. Everyone learns differently

Question 21

Normal distribution

Answer 21

Bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes

Question 22

Stanford-Binet test

Answer 22

Widely used American revision of binets original intelligence test. Chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance.

Question 23

Flynn effect

Answer 23

the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores measured in many parts of the world from roughly 1930 to the present day

Question 24

Instinct

Answer 24

Complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Question 25

Incentive

Answer 25

Positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 26

Homeostasis

Answer 26

Tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

Question 27

Maslows theory

Answer 27

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a description of the needs that motivate human behavior. In 1943, Abraham Maslow proposed five different kinds of human needs, beginning with the most basic: survival. Physiological needs, such as food and shelter, are followed by needs related to safety. Next, there are needs of love and belonging. Fourth, humans have needs of esteem, such as the need for being respected. The final need in the hierarchy is the need for self-actualization (fulfilling one's potential)

Question 28

Lateral hypothalamus

Answer 28

Stimulates hunger

Question 29

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 29

Suppress hunger

Question 30

Nick dugan has Flow

Answer 30

Completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting for optimal engagement of ones skill

Question 31

James Lange theory

Answer 31

Our experiences of emotion is our awareness of out physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Question 32

Cannon-board theory

Answer 32

An emotion-a rousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion

Question 33

Shacter-singer theory two factor

Answer 33

To experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal

Question 34

Catharsis hypothesis

Answer 34

Maintains the releasing aggressive energy relieves aggression urges

Question 35

Adaptation level phenomenon

Answer 35

Tendency to form judgements of sounds and lights relative to a neural level defined by our prior experience.

Question 36

General adaptation syndrome

Answer 36

The body's adaptive response to stress in three stages, alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 37

Type A

Answer 37

High stress

Question 38

Type B

Answer 38

Low stress

Question 39

Psychophysiological illnesses

Answer 39

Any stress related physical illness.

Question 40

Theory of id

Answer 40

Contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives

Question 41

Ego

Answer 41

Largely conscious, executive part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of Id, superego, and reality

Question 42

Superego

Answer 42

Part of personality that, According to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations

Question 43

Nick Dugan gets a lot of Oral stage

Answer 43

0-18 months. Sucking biting and chewing

Question 44

Anal stage

Answer 44

18-36 months. Pleasure focuses in vowel and bladder elimination

Question 45

Phallic stage

Answer 45

3-6 years pleasure zone is the genitals. Coping with incestuous sexual feelings

Question 46

Latency stage

Answer 46

6 to puberty. Dormant sexual feelings

Question 47

Genital stage

Answer 47

Puberty and on. Maturation of sexual interest.

Question 48

Defense mechanism

Answer 48

In psychoanalytic theory, the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Question 49

Jungs theory

Answer 49

is based on the premise of a self-regulating psyche composed of tensions between opposing attitudes of the ego and the unconscious

Question 50

Rogers theory

Answer 50

The main issue is the development of a self-concept and the progress from an undifferentiated self to being fully differentiated.

Question 51

Adler theory

Answer 51

emphasis on the importance of feelings of inferiority[3]—the inferiority complex—is recognized as isolating an element which plays a key role in personality development.[4] Alfred Adler considered human beings as an individual whole, therefore he called his psychology "Individual Psychology"

Question 52

Nick Dugan is Horney theory

Answer 52

believed neurosis to be a continuous process—with neuroses commonly occurring sporadically in one's lifetime

Question 53

Internal locus of control

Answer 53

Control ones own fate

Question 54

External locus of control

Answer 54

Outside factors determine ones own fate

Question 55

Learned helplessness

Answer 55

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Question 56

David rosenhan and power of labels

Answer 56

Labels of diseases can hinder the actual diagnoses of the actual problem.

Question 57

Anxiety disorder

Answer 57

Psychological disorders charter used by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors the reduce anxiety

Question 58

Panic disorder

Answer 58

Anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

Question 59

Mood disorders

Answer 59

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

Question 60

Schizophrenic

Answer 60

Group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.

Question 61

Personality disorder

Answer 61

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social function

Question 62

Client centered

Answer 62

Humanistic theory, developed by Carl Rodgers, in which a therapist use techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients growth

Question 63

Token economy

Answer 63

Operant conditioning procedure in which people earn token of some Sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

Question 64

Systematic desensitization

Answer 64

Type of counter conditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state and gradually increasing anxiety triggering stimuli

Question 65

Cognitive therapy

Answer 65

Theory that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based in the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and out emotional reactions.