10

Question 0

Law of superposition

Answer 0

Highest layer of rock is the newest while the lowest layer of rock is the oldest

Question 1

Fossils

Answer 1

Preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past

Question 2

Relative dating/age

Answer 2

Can be determined by using age compared to other fossils

Not exact

Question 3

Absolute dating/age

Answer 3

Exact estimated age using archeogical and other evidence

Question 4

Biogeography

Answer 4

Study of how and why plants and animals live where they do

Question 5

Darwin’s natural selection-definition

Answer 5

Evolutionary process in which some living things produce more offspring than others because of their desirable traits, so the characteristics of organisms change over time

Question 6

Darwin’s Natural Selection-reasoning

Answer 6

Saw that species changed
Earth was old, so species had time to change
Overpopulation led to struggle for existence
Survival of the fittest
Those with good traits survived and passed on traits to offspring

Question 7

Origin of species

Answer 7

Speciation
Occurs through isolation
Geographic
Reproductive

Question 8

Geographic Isolation

Answer 8

Physical separation of members of a population

Allopactric speciation occurs when new species comes because of this

Question 9

Reproductive Isolation

Answer 9

When two subpopulations become reproductively isolated in the same geographic area
Part of population switch to new food source, habitat, sexual selection

Question 10

Fitness

Answer 10

Relative ability of an organism to survive and produce fertile offspring

Question 11

Adaptation

Answer 11

Characteristic that helps living things survive and reproduce in a given environment

Question 12

Homologous structure

Answer 12

Structure that is similar in related organisms because it was inherited from a common ancestor but it might not have the same function

Question 13

Analogous structure

Answer 13

Structure that is similar in unrelated organisms because it evolved to do the same job not because it was inherited from a common ancestor

Question 14

Vestigial structure

Answer 14

Structure that nature has reduced in size because it is no longer needed

Question 15

Embryology

Answer 15

Study in the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species

Question 16

Microevolution

Answer 16

Evolutionary change that occurs over a relatively short period of time within a population or species

Question 17

Macroevolution

Answer 17

Evolutionary change that occurs over geologic time above the level of the species

Question 18

Adaptive radiation

Answer 18

Process in which one single species evolves into many new species to fill any available niches

Question 19

Species

Answer 19

Population whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and and produce viable fertile offspring not with other groups
The reproductively isolated in natural environments from other species

Question 20

Population genetics

Answer 20

Science focusing on evolution within populations that is the area of overlap between evolutionary theory and Mendelian genetics.

Question 21

Patterns of Selection

Answer 21

Change allele frequencies and cause evolution
Wghen there are differences of fitness between members
Disruptive Selection
Directional Selection
Stabilizing Selection

Question 22

Stabilizing selection

Answer 22

Favors the middle, doesn’t like extremes, steep hill

Question 23

Directional Selection

Answer 23

Favors one extreme, shifts to the side

Question 24

Disruptive selection

Answer 24

Favors both extremes but not the medium

Question 25

Causes in variation in traits

Answer 25

Environment factors-food, variability Genetics-everyone's different, genes aren't equal Mutations

Question 26

Gene pool

Answer 26

All of the genes of every member of the population

Question 27

Gene/allele frequency

Answer 27

How often the allele occurs in the population

Question 28

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Conditions

Answer 28

``` No mutation/no new alleles No immigration or emigration Very large Mates are chosen randomly No natural selection ```

Question 29

Hardy-Weinberg Disruptions

Answer 29

``` Mutation Gene flow Genetic drift Non random mating Natural selection ```

Question 30

Mutation

Answer 30

Creates new genetic variation in a gene pool Creates new alleles For it to be passed on, it must occur in the gametes

Question 31

Mutagens

Answer 31

Mutations causing things

Question 32

Gene flow

Answer 32

Occurs when individuals migrate, transfer of gametes between populations

Question 33

Migration

Answer 33

Moving of things between populations

Question 34

Immigration

Answer 34

Moving into a population

Question 35

Emigration

Answer 35

Moving out of a population

Question 36

Genetic Drift

Answer 36

If people don't reproduce in a small population, it may drastically change the alleles Bottleneck effect Founder effect

Question 37

Non Random Mating

Answer 37

Genetic makeup becomes more and more similar Mate with close relatives rather than distant Like phenotype a mate with eachother

Question 38

Natural selection

Answer 38

Survival of the fittest

Question 39

Speciation

Answer 39

Process by which a new species occurs

Question 40

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 40

When new species are created by being geographically separated

Question 41

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 41

When new species are created by reproductive isolation