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Animal Science 310 (Animal Physiology) > 10: CNS Sensory Physiology > Flashcards

10: CNS Sensory Physiology Flashcards

Integrated Functions Sensory Physiology (77 cards)

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1
Q

The master of controlling and communication system of the body specialized to quickly detect and response to stimuli

A

The nervous system

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2
Q

The nervous system is composed of these two:

A
  1. Central Nervous System

2. Peripheral Nervous System

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3
Q

This NS controls the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

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4
Q

This NS controls the peripheral nerves and receptors; efferent and afferent division

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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5
Q

Division for motor responses

A

Efferent division

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6
Q

Division for sensory information

A

Afferent division

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7
Q

It relay sensory information to the appropriate area of the cortex

A

Sensory pathways

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8
Q

The information that comes from the external environment

A

Sensory information

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9
Q

The information that comes from the internal environment

A

Visceral afferent

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10
Q

The division of the PNS that is responsible for voluntary control skeletal muscle. It controls motor neurons

A

Somatic

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11
Q

The division of the PNS that is responsible for involuntary control muscles such as heart, smooth muscles, etc.

A

Autonomic

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12
Q

Sense information from the body

A

Peripheral receptors

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13
Q

The nerves that bring in sensory information to the brain

A

Peripheral Sensory Nerves

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14
Q

The nerves that carry motor commands to muscles, organs and glands.

A

Peripheral Motor Nerves or Peripheral Effectors

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15
Q

This processing is essential for regulating and coordinating the body’s behavioral responses to the environment. such as attention and arousal, perception of the world around us, memory and emotion.

A

Sensory Processing

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16
Q

The conscious interpretation of the external world created by patterns of activity in the brain.

A

Perception

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17
Q

Neurons/cells located in Afferent Division of the Peripheral Nervous System and receive information from peripheral sensory receptors

A

Sensory neurons

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18
Q

Bundles of sensory axons in the Peripheral Nervous System that contact neurons in the CNS (spinal cord or brain)

A

Sensory nerves

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19
Q

3 Main divisions of sensory processing

A
  1. Somatic
  2. Visceral
  3. Special Senses
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20
Q

-Division of the sensory processing responsible for body senses, skin, muscles and joints.

A

Somatic

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21
Q

-Division of the sensory processing responsible for organs and chemicals in blood.

A

Visceral

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22
Q

-Division of the sensory processing responsible for vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste and smell

A

Special Senses

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23
Q

-Carries action potentials from skin, joints to CNS

A

Somatic afferent nerves

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24
Q

-Carries action potential from organs within ventral body cavities, stomach and intestine

A

Visceral afferent nerves

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25
-Carries action potential from eyes, ears, smell and taste.
Special Sense afferent nerves
26
3 Receptor Physiology
1. Sensory receptors 2. Transduction 3. Adaptation
27
Produced by a stimulus acting on the sensory receptor by opening or closing ion channels
Receptor potential
28
Specialized ending of an afferent neuron
Sensory receptor
29
Change detectable by the body
Stimulus
30
Responds to stimuli by producing depolarizing graded potentials (receptor potentials)
Receptor
31
Conversion of stimulus energy (light, heat) into electrical signals
Sensory Transduction
32
Conversion of stimulus energy into electrical energy
Transduction
33
Energy form of stimulus (light waves, sound waves, pressure, temperature and chemicals)
Modality
34
A given Sensory Receptor show specifically to a particular modality
Law of Specific Nerve Energies
35
Special cells in the eyes that detect light waves
Photoreceptors
36
Modality to which receptor responds best
Adequate stimulus
37
4 Classes of receptors
1. Photoreceptors 2. Chemoreceptors 3. mechanoreceptors 4. Thermoreceptors
38
- Change in membrane potential in response to a stimulus acting on a sensory receptor - Graded potential - Caused by opening/closing of ion channels - Can produce action potentials if greater than threshold
Receptor Potential
39
Decrease over time in the magnitude of receptor potential in the presence of a constant stimulus; receptors are able to adapt to different stimuli
Receptor Adaptation
40
- Receptors respond with a change in receptor potential that persists for the duration of the stimulus - signals the intensity of a prolonged stimulus (Ex. muscle stretch)
Slowly adapting receptors
41
- Receptors that respond with a change in receptor potential at the onset of a stimulus but then adapt. - Adapt quickly, functions best in detecting changes in stimulus intensity (Ex. olfactory receptors (odor), Pacinian corpuscles (vibration)
Rapidly adapting receptors
42
Neurons will REDUCE their response to repeated stimuli by depressing synaptic activity
Habituation
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Neurons will INCREASE their responsiveness to stimuli following strong or noxious stimulus
Sensitization
44
Comprises a single afferent neuron and all the receptors associated with it
Sensory Unit
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The area over which an adequate stimulus can produce a response (can be either excitatory or inhibitory) in the afferent neuron
Receptive field
46
Primary neuron (First Order) running from the receptor to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord or medulla nuclei
Receptor level
47
Secondary neuron synapse with the first, crosses to the other side in the medulla and travels up to the higher regions of the brain and transmit impulses TO THE THALAMUS.
Circuit level
48
(Third Order) Neuron transmit impulses from the thalamus TO THE CORTEX
Perception level
49
5 Sensory areas of the cerebral cortex
1. Vestibular cortex 2. Somatosensory cortex 3. Auditory cortex 4. Olfactory cortex 5. Visual cortex
50
Sensation information goes to this part of the cerebral cortex.
Somatosensory cortex
51
MAPS of information in the CNS
Labeled Lines
52
responsible for the different parts of the body
Primary Motor Cortex
53
Sensory neurons respond to stimulus information within small regions of input
Receptive fields
54
How is the sensitivity of an area determined?
1. Size of the area | 2. The number of the receptors per area
55
The matter that contains myelinated axons
White matter
56
The matter that contains non-myelinated material (cell bodies, dendrites, non-myelinated axons)
Gray matter
57
Axons in CNS
Tracts
58
Bundles of axons in PNS
Nerves
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Group of cell bodies in the CNS
Nuclei
60
Group of cell bodies in the PNS
Ganglia
61
The sensation of body surfaces (skin, muscles and joint sensation)
Somatic Sensation
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3 Somatic Sensory Receptors
1. Skin Sensation 2. Muscle 3. Joint
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4 Somatic Sensory Neurons
1. Pseudo- unipolar neurons 2. Myolinated 3. Large cell body lies in the dorsal root ganglia next to the spinal cord 4. Action potential intiated at the peripheral end
64
2 Somatic Sensory Processing
1. Spinal cord | 2. Brain
65
Two functional halves of spinal cord grey matter
1. Dorsal | 2. Ventral
66
Axons of afferent neurons ENTER the spinal cord through this root
Dorsal root
67
Axons of afferent neurons TERMINATE in this horn
Dorsal horn
68
(Spinal cord) The cell bodies are located in here.
Dorsal Root Ganglia
69
Axons of efferent neurons originate in the ventral horn and EXIT through this root.
Ventral root
70
Two main pathways transmit information from peripheral somatosensory receptors to the CNS
1. The dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway | 2. Spinothalamic tract
71
Somatosensory pathway for fine touch, vibration and propioceptors
The dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway
72
Somatosensory pathway for temperature and pain (lateral) and crude touch and pressure (anterior)
Spinothalamic tract
73
Localized in specialized sense organs and bring in sensory information from the environment to the CNS
Special sense
74
5 Special Senses
1. Olfactory 2. Auditory 3. Gustatory 4. Vestibular 5. Visual
75
Integration of the gustatory system
Medulla oblongata, thalamus --> gustatory cortex
76
Integration of olfactory system
limbic and hypothalamus --> olfactory cortex
77
Integration of the visual system
thalamus --> visual cortex

Animal Science 310 (Animal Physiology) (3 decks)

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