10) Contraceptives, HRT, and SERMs Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 10) Contraceptives, HRT, and SERMs Deck (14)
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1
Q

Define menopause:

A

permanent cessation of menstruation

2
Q

What will the levels of oestradiol & FSH/LH be like in menopause?

A

Low oestradiol

High FSH/LH

3
Q

6 symptoms of menopause:

A

1) Hot flushes
2) Urogenital atrophy & dyspareunia
3) Sleep disturbance
4) Depression
5) Decreased libido
6) Joint pain

4
Q

2 complications of menopause:

A

Osteoporosis

CVD

5
Q

If menopause is debilitating for someone, how can they be treated?

A

HRT

  • Oestrogen & progesterone
  • if had a hystrectomy just oestrogen given
6
Q

2 types of HRT drugs:

A

Ribolone
-oestrogen + progesterone + weakly androgenic

Raloxifene=SERM

  • selective oestrogen receptor modulator
  • oestrogenic affect on bone
  • anti-oestrogenic in breast+uterus=reduced breast cancer
  • doesn’t reduce vasomotor symptoms
7
Q

What is tamoxifen?

A

used to treat oestrogen dependent breast cancers

8
Q

Side effects of HRT:

A

Breast cancer + stroke + CHD + DVT

9
Q

What are the effects of oestrogen + progesterone for under 50s?

A

Oestrogen=beneficial on lipid profile + endothelial function

Progesterone=negates beneficial effects of oestrogen (but progesterone alone isn’t harmful)

10
Q

What is the effect of oestrogen for women over 60 with atherosclerosis?

A

Pro-inflammatory + pro-thrombotic

11
Q

What is the condition that causes early menopause (<40)?

A

Premature ovarian insufficiency

12
Q

4 causes of premature ovarian insufficiency?

A

Autoimmune
Idiopathic
Radiation
Surgery

13
Q

2 types of contraceptive pills:

A

Combined oral

  • oestrogen + progesterone cause loss of -ve feedback
  • thickens cervical mucus so sperm can’t penetrate

Progesterone-when oestrogen is contraindicated (over 35/smoker)

14
Q

3 types of emergency contraception?

A

Copper IUD (5-7 days after)
Levonorgesterel (72hrs)
Ulipristal (120hrs)