10 - Hip Joint Flashcards
(34 cards)
What muscles do hip/thigh flexion and what is the nerve supply and what is the MYOTOME?
Anterior Thigh Muscles - Rectus Femoris - VM - VI - VL - Sartorius - Iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus) strongest hip flexion > Femoral Nerve > L2/L3
What movements can the hip joint do?
Strong and stable but can move in every direction. Usually one or the other. Flex/ext and abd/add, circumduction and rotation (multiaxial)
The large head and thin neck allows this movement
What muscles do hip extension, what is the nerve supply and what is the myotome?
- Gluteus Maximus
- Hamstring Muscles
> Inferior Gluteal Nerve
> Tibial Nerve
> L4/L5
What is the myotome for hip flexion and hip extension?
L2/L3
L4/L5
What muscles do hip adduction, what is the nerve supply and what is the myotome?
Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus (sometimes femoral) Gracillis > Obturator Nerve > L4
What muscles do hip abduction, what is the nerve supply and what is the myotome?
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
> Superior Gluteal Nerve
> L5/S1
What is the myotome for hip adduction and abduction?
L4
L5/S1
What is the hip joint proper?
Femur head articulates with the pevlic bone (acetabulum) forming a ball in socket joint
What is the acetabulum?
The part of the pelvis that articulates with the femur. It is where the ilium, ischium and pubis fuse (until puberty these are separated by cartilage). Means little cup
What is the lunate surface of the acetabulum?
It is the articular surface of the acetabulum so is covered in cartilage
What is the hip designed for?
Both movement as stability as the body weight is transferred through the hip joint through to the legs
What is the acetabular fossa and what does it contain?
Is the non-articulating area of the acetabulum as it is deep to the lunate surface. It contains a fat pad and a ligament (used to contain an artery)
What is the transverse acetabular ligament?
The acetabulum forms 3/4 of a circle - this ligament completes the circle for the femoral head inferiorly but is NOT articular
What completes the acetabular circle for the femoral head?
The transverse acetabular ligament
What is the acetabular labrum?
The acetabular labrum is a thick lip of fibrocartilage around the external/lateral surface of the acetabulum. It’s function is to increase the depth and so articular surface area of the joint by 10% and stabilises the joint
Which way does the femoral head point?
Superomedially and slightly anteriorly
What is the shape of the femoral had and how much of it is covered by the acetabulum?
2/3 of a sphere and more than 50% and this makes it a stable joint
The head of the femur is covered in cartilage except for…
Where the Ligament of the Head of the Femur inserts
What is the ligament in the Acetabular Fossa? Describe it.
The Ligament of the Head of the Femur.
Is between the acetabular fossa and the femoral head
In childhood this ligament is arterial (has an artery in it) to supply the femoral head with blood as it is developing
In your 20s this stops being patent and becomes a ligament
What is the ridge down the posterior aspect of the femur?
Superiorly: Gluteal Tuberosity
Inferiorly: Linea Aspera
What is the course of the arteries that supply the hip?
Aorta > CIA > Ext. Iliac Artery > Femoral A > Profunda Femoris > Medial and Lateral Femoral Circumflex Arteries
What do the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries supply?
Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery > Posterior Femoral Neck
Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery > Anterior Femoral Neck
Encircle the femoral neck and the meet laterally around the greater trochanter
What arteries anastomose to supply the hip/femoral neck?
- ## once the Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries supply the gluteal muscles they then anastomose with each other and the Medial and Lateral Femoral Circumflex Arteries
What is the purpose of an anastomosis?
Acts as security. If one vessel doesn’t supply enough there is overlap so the region will still get some blood supply
