10: Motivation

Question 1

what distinguishes state from trait?

Answer 1

state - universal (eg Maslow’s hierarchy)
trait - what varies between people

Question 2

in Murray’s model of motivation, what is press?

Answer 2

situational conditions/ events

Question 3

in Murray’s model of motivation, what is need?

Answer 3

primary needs: biological - food, sex etc
secondary needs: achievements/ nurture etc

Question 4

in Murray’s model of motivation, what influences motive?

Answer 4

press & need
(context & needs)

Question 5

how many psychogenic needs did Murray suggest?

Answer 5

20 (plus 7 provisional needs)

Question 6

how many secondary needs did McClelland suggest and what were they?

Answer 6

3
achievement
affiliation
power

Question 7

which tool is used to measure the 3 basic acquired needs?

Answer 7

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Question 8

what kind of measures are preferred for motivation?

Answer 8

projective due to motivation’s implicit behaviour

Question 9

what are the sub-components of need achievement?

Answer 9

hope for success vs fear of failure

Question 10

what are the sub-components of need power?

Answer 10

hope for power vs fear of weakness

Question 11

what are the 4 subtypes of need for affiliation?

Answer 11

need for: emotional support, positive stimulation, attention from others, social comparison

Question 12

what level of difficulty do those high in need for achievement prefer?

Answer 12

moderate difficulty - indicate ability without the fear/shame of being wrong

Question 13

what kind of work environment do people high in need for achievement prefer?

Answer 13

Preference for work settings with frequent feedback on current vs previous performance.

Question 14

what does a high need for achievement lead to on an individual level?

Answer 14

entrepreneurial success & innovation
poor leadership & managerial skills

Question 15

what does a high need for achievement lead to on an social level?

Answer 15

economic growth and innovation
civil war & ineffective leadership

Question 16

how does high need for power in women influence their family planning?

Answer 16

larger families, and greater involvement in parenting

Question 17

what does a high need for power lead to on an social level?

Answer 17

effective leadership
increase in war and arms

Question 18

what does a high need for power lead to on an individual level?

Answer 18

higher testosterone levels
higher sexual activity & aggression
managerial, leadership & career success

Question 19

when coding presidents’ speeches, what was found to correlate with high presidential performance?

Answer 19

high Need for Power (and lower Needs for Achievement and Affiliation)

Question 20

what does a high need for affiliation lead to on an individual level?

Answer 20

like similar others, dislike dissimilar others

Question 21

what does a high need for affiliation lead to on an societal level?

Answer 21

peace and disarmament
political scandal

Question 22

how were letters addressing the Cuban missile crisis correlated with the need for power & affiliation?

Answer 22

Need for Affiliation positively related to concessions.
Need for Power negatively related to concessions.

Question 23

how has need for power been suggested to influence physiology?

Answer 23

more frequent activation of the sympathetic nervous system - leads to high blood pressure, a bad immune system & increased susceptibility to illness

Question 24

in the prison study looking at need for power vs need for affiliation & stress, how did this influence illness severity?

Answer 24

stress = biggest determinant of stress
high need for power = worse illness severity

Question 25

how does need for power, stress and need nourishment influence each other?

Answer 25

Eg those who nourish their need for power through teaching instead of ‘dominance’ related behaviours will not feel such bad health outcomes It is not the need for power that is damaging, it is the stress response, so if you can perform these ‘need for power’ behaviours without feeling stressed your health will be significantly better

Question 26

what part of the CNS is the need for affiliation associated with?

Answer 26

parasympathetic branch - rest & recover

Question 27

how does priming people with films influence their need for power/ affiliation?

Answer 27

war film = higher need for power and less affiliation mother Theresa film = high need for affiliation & less power

Question 28

what characterises inhibited power motive syndrome?

Answer 28

high in need for power; low in need for affiliation; high in inhibition