10-The growth of liberal opposition 1905 Flashcards
What had the Liberals long pressed for?
changes in the governmental structure of the country
What added to the numbers favouring more representation and the rule of law? (2)
- The spread of education
- the emergence of a stronger middle class due to industrialisation
Where was Liberalism particularly strong?
The zemstva
How was the reputatiom of the zemstva enhaced?
By their actions in the face of government incompetence during the years of the Great Famine(1891-92)
How were the zemstva’s resentments galvanised?
The reduction in their powers under Alex III
What did the Tver Zemstvo do in 1895? How did the tsar respond?
- Petitioned Nicholas to set up an advisory body
- Nicholas dismissed the request as a “senseless dream”
Who was Prince Lvov and what did he do?
- a liberal noble
- continued to demand the creation of an all-class zemstvo at district level
What did the immediate ban of the “All-Zemstvo Organisation” in 1896 encourage?
radicals to establish the Beseda Symposium in 1899
What did the Beseda Symposium do?
Met in secret to discuss matters of liberal interest such as judicial reform and universal education
How did the Beseda Symposium assume the leadership of the Liberal movement?
The government ordering the dismissal of hundreds of liberals from elected boards of the zemstva in 1900
Who did the Beseda Symposium attract support from? (4)
- public figures
- town leaders
- members of legal and teaching professions
- industrialists
What was founded under the inspiration of Pyotr Struve and when?
- Union of Liberation
- 1903
What did Struve believe that Russia needed? (2)
- a period of ‘peaceful evolution’ in which to adapt to its new industrialist status
- He wanted a constitutional system put in place through which urban workers could campaign legally to improve their conditions
What was the influence of liberals before 1905 like?
limited
Why were the liberals able to escape the closer attention of the police?
The police were overworked, coping with the activities of the radical opposition as well as urban and rural unrest.
