(10) TOB 4.2 CARTILAGE

Question 1

What type of cells does cartilage develop from?

Answer 1

Mesenchyme

Question 2

What is the basic cell involved in formation of cartilage?

Answer 2

Chondroblast

Question 3

How are chondrocytes formed?

Answer 3

Chondroblasts secrete extracellular matrix, which surround and entraps cells. Entrapped chondroblasts called chondrocytes.

Question 4

What is the space chondrocytes are kept in called?

Answer 4

Lacunae

Question 5

Name three consituents of cartilage ground substance

Answer 5

Protein, glycoprotein and glycosaminoglycan (Also WATER and LIPIDS)

Question 6

What type of collagen is mostly found in cartilage?

Answer 6

Type 2

Question 7

Cartilage contains no … substances

Answer 7

Inorganic

Question 8

What is perichondrium?

Answer 8

Dense irregular conective tissue which surrounds cartilage of developing bone

Question 9

What are the two layes of perichindrium called?

Answer 9

Outer fibrous layer

Inner cellular layer (chondrogenic)

Question 10

At what week in development does cartilage first appear?

Answer 10

Fifth

Question 11

What is an embryo’s skeleton made up of?

Answer 11

Hyaline cartilage

Question 12

Where is hyaline cartilage present once mostly converted to bone in embryo?

Answer 12

Growth plates and articular cartilage

Question 13

What is appositional growth?

Answer 13

Growth from periphery of bone

Question 14

How are new chondroblasts formed in appositional growth?

Answer 14

FIbroblast like cells at edge of cartilage differentiate into chondroblasts

Question 15

How do chondroblasts in appositional growth create new cartilage?

Answer 15

Secrete extracellular matrix around them and transform into chondrocyter.

Question 16

What is intersitital growth?

Answer 16

Chondrocytes deeper in cartilage divide and give rise to isogenous grops

Question 17

What directs synthetic activity of chondrocytes?

Answer 17

Pressure loads, which creat electrical, mechanical and chemical signals.

Question 18

Why is perchondrium not present at articular surfaces of bone?

Answer 18

Must be smooth

Question 19

Name three types of cartilage

Answer 19

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrous

Question 20

Main type of collagen in hyaline

Answer 20

II

Question 21

Main type of collagen and what constituents form the bases of fibrous cartilage?

Answer 21

I and II, arranged in thick bundles. Combination of dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage

Question 22

Four locations hyaline cartilage can be found (4)

Answer 22

FEAR
Fetal skeleton
Ends of long bones 
Anterior ends of the ribs
Respiratory passages

Question 23

Three locations of elastic cartilage

Answer 23

EEE
Ear
Epiglottis
Eustachian tube

Question 24

Four locations of fibrocartilage

Answer 24

Intervertabral discs
Menisci
Pubic symphysis
Portions of the tendons

Question 25

Function of Hyaline cartilage

Answer 25

Firm and flexible support

Question 26

Function of elasic cartilage

Answer 26

Extra flexibility and support

Question 27

Function of Fibrocartilage

Answer 27

Very strong and resistant to stretching and compressions

Question 28

Periochondrium present in Hyaline?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

Periochondrium present in Elastic?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

Periochondrium present in Fibrocartilage?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

How do cells in Hyaline and elastic cartilage receive nutrients?

Answer 31

Avascular, so rely upon diffusion

Question 32

What is interesting about the extracellular matrix of elastic cartilage?

Answer 32

Contains collagen and many elastic fibres

Question 33

What happens to Hyaline cartilage in old age and disease?

Answer 33

It calcifies

Question 34

What happens in degenerative ageing process of Hyaline cartilage?

Answer 34

Calcification of matrix due to increase in size and number of chondrocytes, and due to cell death

Question 35

What is osteoathiritis a result of?

Answer 35

Articular cartilage erosion at end of bones

Question 36

What is rheumatoid arthiritis?

Answer 36

Occurs when secondary destruction of articular cartilage occurs by granulation of synovial membrane tissue

Question 37

Does elastic cartilage ossify?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

What is an annulus fibrosus?

Answer 38

Intervertabral disc capsule

Question 39

What can happen to this annulus fibrosus?

Answer 39

Can rupture, leading to slipped disc

Question 40

What is annulus fibrosus made up of?

Answer 40

Fibrocartilage