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History 24-25 > 100 Years War > Flashcards

100 Years War Flashcards

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1
Q

An epidemic of the bubonic plague that ravaged Europe in the 1300s

A

Black DeathAn epidemic of the bubonic plague that ravaged Europe in the 1300s

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2
Q

Six-foot-long bow that could rapidly fire arrows with enough force to pierce most armor

A

Longdow

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3
Q

Outbreak of a rapidly spreading disease

A

Epidemic

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4
Q

Crowned King and took government in 1330. Parents were Edward lll and Isabella of France.

A

King Edward III of England

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5
Q

First king of France from the house of Valois in 1328.

A

King Phillip VI of France

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6
Q

Was a patron saint of France. She led the French army to victory.

A

Joan of Arc

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7
Q

First phase of the 100 Years War. Between 1337 to 1360.

A

Edwardian Phase

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8
Q

Second phase of the 100 Years War. Between 1369 to 1389

A

Caroline Phase

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9
Q

Third and final phase of the 100 Years War. Between 1415 to 1453

A

Lancastrian Phase

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10
Q

King of France in 1461. He reigned the end of the 100 Years War.

A

King Charles VII of France

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11
Q

He was the eldest son of King Edward lll. He led significant battles in the 100 Years War.

A

Edward The Black Prince

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12
Q

King of France in 1350 till 1364. When he was King he faced several disasters

A

King John II of France

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13
Q

Which Pope excommunicated King Henry IV and what year was this in?

A

Pope Innocent III (1208)

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14
Q

Where did King John meet the nobles to sign the Magna Carta and in what year?

A

Runnymede, River Thamos. June 15, 1215

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15
Q

How were the nobles able to force John into signing the Magna Carta?

A

They cornered him into signing it.

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16
Q

What did most of the Charter’s clauses outline?

A

Property rights of barons and powerful citizens. Limited the power of framers.

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17
Q

What does the most famous clause of the Magna Carta state?

A

“No free man will be imprisoned except by the lawful judgement of his peers”

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18
Q

What eventually happened to the Magna Carta?

A

It kept getting reissued.

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19
Q

What is scutage? More importantly, why did King John demand it?

A

Scutage means money due to the lord. The money was trying to pay for all of his wars

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20
Q

Who led the rebellion of England’s Barons?

A

Robert FitzWalter

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21
Q

Which two pieces of English legislation referred to the Magna Carta, making the
document applicable for all English citizens, not just the elite?

A

Petition of Rights and Habeas Corpus Act

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22
Q

Supply three (3) other important clauses that the Magna Carta decreed for all of England?

A

“no free man shall be…imprisoned or disseised [dispossessed]… except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.” “To no one will we sell, to no one will we deny or delay right or justice” “Nor shall any persons be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law”

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23
Q

Supply one (1) similar clause in the Magna Carta that directly relates to that of the U.S. Bill of Rights?

A

“Nor shall any persons be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law”

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24
Q

What was the legitimate question asked between both kingdoms that eventually led to the start of the war?

A

It started with the confiscation of the English-held duchy of Guyenne by King Philip. English fiefs in France.

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25
When did the war exactly begin?
1337
26
Which famous battle took place in 1346 between the two sides? Who was victorious?
Battle of Crecy. England defeated France. Edward the III defeated Philip VI
27
What happened when Charles IV of France died?
The son of Henry and Catherine inherited the throne.
28
Which duchy (within France) is revoked from the English as a territorial claim and which French monarch proceeds to do so?
Aquitaine was revoked from the English. Philip VI decides to do so.
29
What did the French have as an advantage militarily, at the onset?
French had a larger population
30
What advantage did the English have at the Battle of Crecy (1346) over that of the French? What was the result of the battle, and how many soldiers did France lose?
English had better weapon tecnology. The English won and France had 15,000 casualties.
31
Which weapons are used consistently throughout this battle?
Longbow, crossbow, and cannon
32
What or should I say “who”, started the Battle of Poitiers (1356) ten years after the Battle of Crecy, reigniting the war?
Edward IV invaded France and reignited in 1356.
33
Who is the king of France at this time? What was the result of the battle, and where is the king later held?
King John II. King John is held at the Town of Longdon where he signs the Treaty of Bretigny. In this treaty Edward agrees to renounce his claims to the French throne in exchange for the full rights of Aquitaine.
34
What year did the Battle of Agincourt happen in? Who is the king of England, now?
The Battle of Agincourt happened in 1415. King Henry V was the king of England.
35
What two (2) advantages did the English have over the French in this battle?
The aid of dukes of Burgundy and using his superior archers.
36
Which treaty resolved the conflict (yet again!) between both kingdoms, leading to a short period of truce? What year was this treaty written in?
The Treaty of Troyes (1420)
37
What did this treaty stipulate and who did it involve? What happened then in 1422?
King Henry V of England would have to marry Catherine of Valois, daughter of Charles VI. In 1422 both Charles and Henry died. Leaving the inheritance to the newborn baby of Henry and Catherine. However, Charles VI disowned his son Charles VII. When Charles VI died Charles VII thought the rightful owner of the throne is him.
38
From which part of France was Joan of Arc from?
Burgundy
39
How was she able to convince the French leaders of the military of this, and what does King Charles VII then give her?
She claimed to have divine visions and began to hear God’s voice. King Charles VII allowed her to accompany the army of Orleans.
40
Why was the city of Orleans so important for both sides?
Orleans was a major port city
41
What were the three (3) assaults made on the city? Why did the French blow up Tourelles?
Tourelles, Augustine, and St. Loup. French blew up Tourelles because they wanted to subdue the invasion.
42
What happened to the Earl of Salisbury?
He was killed by a debris of a cannon
43
What was Joan convicted of that led to her death? When was this later revoked and what does the Catholic Church make her into?
Joan was burned at the stake because she was accused of witchcraft and heretic. The Catholic Church cleared her name and clamed her a saint in (1920)
44
How does her death impact the kingdom of France?
They used her death as a sumbol of unity and nationalism.
45
What is the final battle of the war, and in what year did it take place?
The final battle was the Battle of Castillion (1453)
46
Supply one (1) example of the consequence of the war.
Weakened the lords and had the rise of peasantry. That led to the change in government.
47
How many people are estimated to have been killed by the plague?
25-30 million people
48
What were the years of the plague?
1347-1351
49
What was the mortality rate percentage of those who were already infected?
30% to 50%
50
A shortage of farmers (due to the high death toll) resulted in an end of what system?
Serfdom
51
List the symptoms of the Black Plague, and what is the name of the bacteria that causes the disease?
Swelling in the groin and armpits, black sores, joint pain, and raging fever.
52
In which type of areas was the mortality rate very high? Why was this?
Tuscany, Aragon, and Catalonia were high. Towns were more effected than the countryside.
53
What was the worldwide death toll for the Black Death?
75-200 million people
54
How did the Black Death change humanity societally?
Massive population decline, economic changes, and changes in religion and beliefs.
55
Who were the wandering groups of people that called for penitence, and why did they believe in this? What were some of their actions?
Flagellate were people who whipped themselves as a form of penitence. They believed in this because they wanted to gain favor with God and to punish themselves for either sins.
56
Which minority group were specifically targeted during the plague, and to which country do they flee into?
Jewish communties and the fleed to Poland.
57
Describe three (3) separate medical practices used to treat the plague:
Strapped live chickens around black buboes Drinking potions laced with mercury, arsenic, or ground horns. Carry sweet smelling flowers and herbs
58
Which social class rose in prowess as a result of the plague? Why did this happen?
Salves and peasants rose in power because nobody had food so they had to farm.
59
What did women receive within law, as a result of the plague?
Women got property rights and once their husband died they can keep the property.
60
English magnate, statesman, and military commander of the 100 Years War
William de la Pole, 1st duke of Suffolk
61
King that reigned England in (1422-1461). Led to the War of Roses
King Henry VI of England
62
King that reigned France in (1403-1461). He had an alliance with Joan of Arc and had made efforts to create a strong unified French monarch
King Charles VII of France
63
Was a significant victory for the English during the hundred years war. Cannons and longbows were used. (1346)
Battle of Crecy
64
A hailstorm that struck the English army. It caused massive casualties
Black Monday
65
English victory. Took place in Azincourt. (1415)
Battle of Agincourt
66
A peace agreement between France and England
Treaty of Troyes
67
Last battle of the 100 Years War. French victory.(1453)
Battle of Castillon

History 24-25 (7 decks)

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