1000 copy 2 c Flashcards
(382 cards)
1
Q
intrinsically
A
essentially; inherently; naturally (Eg: Although my grandmother’s china has intrinsically little value, I shall always cherish it for the memories it )(key-in train se sick)
2
Q
miry
A
very muddy or boggy(mayra)
3
Q
interpolate
A
to insert between other parts or things; to present as an addition or correction(enter)
4
Q
slime
A
A moist, soft, and slippery substance, typically regarded as repulsive(hindi-kichar)(key-slim)
5
Q
prevalent
A
widespread in a particular area(priya ka talent)
6
Q
precipitous
A
steep(president pite)
7
Q
furtive
A
secretive; sneaky(fir tv)
8
Q
sully
A
damage the purity or integrity of; defile(saali)
9
Q
befit
A
be appropriate for; suit(benifit)
10
Q
desolation
A
a state of complete emptiness or destruction(desh ye lesson)
11
Q
expropriate
A
to take possession of,seize(jabt karna)
12
Q
debar
A
to prohibit(devar)
13
Q
succor
A
help,serve(saakar)
14
Q
captive
A
imprisoned or confined(cap tv)
15
Q
deter
A
To discourage or prevent from taking action(detergant)
16
Q
dipping
A
submersion in liquid(dipti)
17
Q
soak
A
drench,wet(sokh)
18
Q
conflux
A
confluence(corn flax)
19
Q
feisty
A
aggressive; lively; energetic,determined,courageous(free tea)
20
Q
onerous
A
difficult to bear, carry, or do; troublesome; burdensome(anaar ras)
21
Q
EPISODE-69
A
episode-69
22
Q
lethargic
A
very lazy(martin luther)
23
Q
loquacious
A
talkative(lok)
24
Q
Liturgy
A
(n.) a religious service or rite; the form of a ritual or other act of public worship(leta hai ji)
25
leisure
free time(gijar)
26
masticate
chew (mastery)
27
mangy
scruffy(maggi)
28
moron
a stupid person(mor)
29
mordant
sarcastic(more dant)
30
modulate
adjust,harmonize(model)
31
Parody
imitation(pairo se di)
32
pertinacious
holding firmly, even stubbornly, to a belief(party)
33
philanthropist
humanitarian(vilan)
34
placid
calm, peaceful(play CID)
35
pious
devoutly religious(piya os)
36
propensity
inclination, tendency(proper)
37
Parable
a moralistic story(pair ke bal)
38
supple
bending easily; bending with agility; readily adaptable; servile(chappal)
39
shrubs
small bushes(shrab)
40
spill
to (cause to) flow, move, fall, or spread over the edge or outside the limits of something(hindi-chalakna)(key-pill)
41
spume
foam or froth on the sea(hindi-jhag)(key-perfume)
42
sequential
in order, arranged serially(sequence)
43
sorcery
black magic, witchcraft(sarsari)
44
sticky
having the properties of glue(stick)
45
supervise
manage people,project(super wise)
46
EPISODE-70
episode-70
47
scoundrel
a dishonest person; a villain(isko drill)
48
slumber
sleep(plumber)
49
sundry
Various; miscellaneous(sunday)
50
spirited
full of life and vigor; courageous(sprite)
51
shadowy
hazy(shadow)
52
savage
fierce, violent, and uncontrolled(saari veg)
53
salient
most noticeable or important(sayli ki aunti)
54
stellar
relating to the stars(is tailor)
55
decree
to order(jigri)
56
brittle
fragile(bottle)
57
resent
to be angry or upset about (Re+sent)
58
expedition
journey;people on a journey(ek peti lekar son)
59
exploitation
treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work(is plot)
60
trajectory
the path followed by a projectile flying or an object moving under the action of given forces.(project)
61
concede
acknowledge ,admit(kans)
62
pie
a backed dish(pie pie)
63
pastry
any of various baked foods made of dough or batter(pesty)
64
Mangers
open boxes holding feed for livestock(manager)
65
wisp
a small thin or twisted bunch, piece, or amount of something(vish pikar)
66
disavowal
denial; disclaiming; repudiating; disowning; V. disavow; CF. disclaim(dis approval)
67
disconcert
to confuse; to disturb the composure of(this shirt)
68
discord
lack of agreement or harmony(desh ka card)
69
disinterested
detached,uninvolved(Dis+interested)
70
diurnal
daily; occurring during the daytime(daya)
71
dicey
risky(die)
72
EPISODE-71
episode-71
73
gauge
measure,standard(gaj)
74
godsend
a sudden happening that brings good fortune(God+send)
75
guerrilla
bushfighter(guerrilla_)
76
grievance
complaint(garib)
77
grubby
dirty(govi)
78
Gnostic
An ancient heretical sect that believed, among other things, that salvation came from obtaining secret experiential knowledge.,alert,sensetive(hindi-rahsayvaadi)(key-naastik)
79
gibberish
nonsense talk(girish)
80
gooey
sticky(ghee)
81
gloomy
dark,black(ghumi)
82
grandiose
impressive; showy; magnificent(grand)
83
genuine
authentic,real(genuine)
84
gallantry
bravery(gaylan)
85
habitation
a place in which to live; a residence(habit)
86
petition
a formal written request(peti son)
87
procurement
Purchases inputs such as raw materials, resources, equipment, and supplies,occupation of acquiring goods(pura cure)
88
Patrons
a person who supports artists, especially financially(,promoter,protector)(hindi-sanrachak)(key-petrol)
89
Provinces
territory,region(hindi-pranto)(key-prince)
90
professed
claimed openly but often falsely(professor)
91
posterity
future generations(poster)
92
plenty
much,abundance(plane me tea)
93
protocol
code of correct conduct,rules(protocol)
94
penalize
to punish(panna)
95
prerogative
a right or privilege(pura gate)
96
prerequisite
necessary(pre request)
97
plebeian
lower class,base(hindi-asist)(key-play)
98
EPISODE-73
episode-73
99
penitent
showing or feeling regret for wrongdoing, repentant,shamed,sorrowful(hindi-pachtaane wala)(key-paani tent)
100
percolate
to drip through a small opening or to filter a liquid(hindi-tapakna)(key-colgate)
101
perish
die,decline,decay(hindi-naas)(key-perish)
102
penury
extreme poverty(paneer)
103
protracted
lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual(protected)
104
pledge
promise,vow(please)
105
pact
a formal agreement between individuals or parties(hindi-sandhi)(key-pack)
106
precedent
an example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action(hindi-misaal)(key-president)
107
pose
present or constitute (a problem, danger, or difficulty).(hindi-khara karna)(key-poj)
108
don
to put on(dron)
109
shook
to shake,quiver,tremble(sukh)
110
befitting
appropriate to; suitable or proper for(benifit)
111
mar
to hurt or ruin the good condition of something(maar)
112
Mitigation
the action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something(mitti ka gate)
113
maintenance
the work that is done to keep something in good condition(maintain)
114
mutability
a state of constant change(mota)
115
muesli
n. mixture of grain, nuts and dried fruit eaten with milk for breakfast(muslim)
116
manumit
release from slavery(MAN meet)
117
modern
new(modern)
118
manifest
clear or obvious to the eye or mind(mera fest(festival))
119
mild
gentle, not harsh(mile)
120
malevolence
ill will(male violence)
121
mortal
deadly(mor)
122
majestic
having or showing impressive beauty or dignity(maje)
123
Martyrs
People who die for their faith,sufferer(murder)(hindi-sahid)
124
EPISODE-77
episode-77
125
mockery
ridicule; make fun of(noukri)
126
monotonous
dull, tedious, and repetitious; lacking in variety and interest.(maano,ton)
127
maverick
an unorthodox or independent-minded person(key-mewaari)
128
misanthrope
(n.) a person who hates or despises people(Mis+anthrop)
129
misogynist
hater of women(Mis+gyn)
130
misogamist
a person who hates marriage(Mis+gamy)
131
mason
a builder and worker in stone,construction worker(hindi-rajmistri)(key-my son)
132
moronic
very foolish or stupid(mor)
133
malignant
(adj.) deadly, extremely harmful, evil; spiteful, malicious(maalik rent)
134
predilection
A preference or special liking for something; a bias in favor of something(priye dil)
135
proclaim
(v.) to declare publicly or officially(pura clain)
136
pale
light in color or having little color(pila)
137
propriety
proper behavior(property)
138
preface
introduction(pura face)
139
preach
1. to give a religious talk in a public place, especially in a church during a service
140
perplexed
confused(complex)
141
predominantly
mostly or mainly(pura dominant)
142
profoundly
deeply and intensely(bro found)
143
cache
a hidden storage space (for money or provisions or weapons)(cash)
144
Canon
rule,edict(kaynaal)
145
chaff
Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.,waste(hindi-bhusa)(key-chaap)
146
choleric
bad-tempered or irritable(kaale ruk)
147
concomitant
naturally accompanying or associated(commitment)
148
conjugal
pertaining to marriage agreement,marital,relating to marriage(manju gal)
149
crabbed
(adj.) 1. complicated and hard to follow 2. hard to read because the words and letters are compressed 3. annoyed and irritable(key-kharab)
150
EPISODE-78
episode-78
151
incredulous
unwilling or unable to believe something(inke CRETA)
152
insatiable
impossible to satisfy(in sesho)
153
impeccable
faultless(inki kebal)
154
innovate
to begin or introduce something new(inhone wait)
155
innocent
blameless or with good intentions(innocent)
156
ideal
model of excellence or perfection of a kind(idea)
157
immature
not mature; not fully grown or developed; young; childish(mature)
158
incomplete
unfinished(incomplete)
159
important
of great significance or value,valuable(important)
160
instigate
to provoke,influence(insult ki gate)
161
Irony
sarcasm(iron)
162
imbecility
weakness of mind
163
lassitude
lethargy; sluggishness(lassi dude)
164
legitimate
(adj.) lawful, rightful; reasonable, justifiable,authentic,legal,valid(lazy mate)
165
laftovers
remains(left)
166
lure
To tempt or attract with the promise of something good(lo aur)
167
lurch
move toward with jerk(hindi-jhatka khana)(key-lunch)
168
Lynching
murder by a mob(launching)
169
livid
furiously angry(devid)
170
lecherous
lewd, lustful(lecturers)
171
lurid
causing shock or horror(PUREIT)
172
lousy
very bad, awful(mousi)
173
Ledger
a book for keeping financial records(leja)
174
lag
to fall behind(leg)
175
Legionnaire
person who fights,kills for money(hindi-hatyara)(key-lo ji nayar)
176
EPISODE-79
episode-79
177
inadvertent
accidental(advertisement)
178
insurgent
rebellious(in saar)
179
carmine
red(car mine)
180
cognomen
family name; any name, especially a nickname,a shortened name(kangana ke man)
181
canalize
give a direction or purpose to (something). AND convert(a river)into a navigable canal(canal)
182
coy
making a pretense of shyness or modesty that is intended to be alluring(koi)
183
clatter
to make short, sharp sounds by rattling or banging together(hindi-khatpat)(key-katar)
184
categorical
absolute; without any condition---unambiguously explicit and direct(hindi-nirdhaarit/niyat/suspast)(key-category)
185
convulsion
disturbance,muscle spasm(hindi-khalbali)(key-conversion)(example-the convulsions of the stock market)
186
consecutive
following continuously; in unbroken or logical sequence(kaun executive)
187
cram
to stuff tightly; to fill tightly; to study hard just before a test(hindi-thasathas)(key-crane)(eg-this box was crammed with cigaratte butts)
188
crusty
having a crisp or hard outer layer or covering.,//irritable,often due to old age (hindi-chirchira,papridaar)(key-basti)
189
cavil
unnecessary objections(kebal)
190
cagey
reluctant to give information owing to caution or suspicion(kenchi)
191
clinch
secure a goal(kal ek inch)
192
commence
to begin, to start(comment)
193
clog
To block something(kai log)
194
conviviality
a jovial nature; Fond of feasting, drinking, and good company; sociable.(hindi-milansaar swavaab)(key-janvi)
195
crush
comress,smash(crush)
196
confusion
the inability to think clearly(confusion)
197
contrast
Difference between things(contrast)
198
chaotic
completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing(hindi-ast vyast)(key-kiti)
199
coherent
logically connected,understandable(hindi-samajhne me saral hona)(key-kaahe rent)
200
corporal
bodily, physical(car par rail)
201
collapse
to fall down suddenly,downfall,breakdown(koyla)
202
EPISODE-81
episode-81
203
decadence
decline in moral by excessive indulgence in pleasure(D.K Dance)
204
devolve
transfer or delegate (power) to a lower level, especially from central government to local or regional administration.(volvo)
205
diatribe
(n.) a bitter and prolonged verbal attack(daya)
206
didactic
intended to teach(hectic)
207
dormitory
a large bedroom for a number of people in a school or institution(door me teri)
208
disconsolate
(adj.) deeply unhappy or dejected; without hope, beyond consolation(this kanso)
209
devout
sincerely believing;devoted(hindi-bhakti may)(key-devote)
210
devilish
like a devil; mischievous(devil)
211
drudgery
hard monotonous routine work(drug)
212
discomfit
(v.) to frustrate, thwart, or defeat; to confuse, perplex, or embarrass(discomfort)
213
disavowal
denial; disclaiming; repudiating; disowning(disapproval)
214
devastate
to ruin or destroy completely(divya state)
215
discommode
to cause inconvenience to : TROUBLE,annoy(key-this kamod)
216
demolish
to destroy(demo)
217
drunken
drunk or intoxicated(drunk)
218
destroy
to demolish or completely wreck(destroy)
219
decode
a translation of a coded message.(is code)
220
dissolve
Melt, Make a solution out of, or turn into a liquid(dissolve)
221
deceitful
dishonest(this seat)
222
disinclination
unwillingness to do or believe something(inhone kal nation)
223
dangle
to hang or swing loosely, or to make something do this(hindi-jhulna)(key-dangal)
224
decrease
lessening(decrease)
225
disdain
disrespect,contempt(this drain)
226
disparity
a great difference(these parent)
227
Denial
refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities(deena)
228
EPISODE-82
episode-82
229
executioner
an official who carries out a sentence of death on a legally condemned person.(execute)
230
elastic
relatively responsive to change;pliant,rubbery(key-plastic)
231
exhort
(v.) to urge strongly, advise earnestly(ek sot)
232
explicit
clearly stated or shown; forthright in expression(iski pili)
233
exorbitant
extravagant, greater than reasonable(itna bara tent)
234
elated
in high spirits; exultantly proud and joyful,very happy(related)
235
ephemeral
lasting a very short time(e fame)
236
eulogy
praise or tribute(geology)
237
enervate
(v.) to weaken or lessen the mental, moral, or physical vigor of; enfeeble, hamstring //tire,wear out//(key-itna weight)
238
echelon
A level, rank or grade; the people at that level(asaylaan)
239
Epistle
letter(pistal)
240
Euphemism
An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant(fame)
241
effeminate
having unsuitable feminine qualities(ye female)
242
entails
involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence.(jarurat par jor deta)
243
Equivocation
the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself; prevarication(vacation)
244
exploration
investigation,survey(iske floor)
245
ebony
heavy blackish or very dark brown timber from a mainly tropical tree.(e boni)
246
enthrall
(v.) to captivate, charm, hold spellbound; to enslave; to imprison(hindi-mantramugad karna)(key-in thaal)
247
enfeeble
to make feeble; to weaken(itna ki)
248
exquisite
extremely beautiful and, typically, delicate.(executive)
249
emancipate
to set free(e man se pet)
250
enfranchise
give the right to vote to(franchise)
251
emaciated
abnormally thin or weak, especially because of illness or a lack of food.,undernourished(key-e man)
252
extravagant
indulgent,wasteful(hindi-kharchila)(key-extra)
253
ebullient
enthusiastic(ye bull)
254
EPISODE-83
episode-83
255
dither
to act confusedly or without clear purpose,to hesitate nerviously,upset(hindi-dubidha)(key-dedaar)
256
discotheque
a nightclub for dancing to recorded music.(disco)
257
dissension
A conflic or difference of opinion; disagreement(station)
258
decease
death, demise(decease)
259
defamatory
slanderous, injurious to someone's reputation(key-fame)
260
deserter
fugitive from responsibility(hindi-bhagora)(key-deset)
261
dropout
someone who quits school before graduation(Drop+out)
262
debilitate
to make (someone or something) weak : to reduce the strength of (someone or something)(key-de billi)
263
discernible
distinguishable; perceivable;distinct,understandable Ex. discernible improvement(key-this sar ne)
264
enjoin
to direct or order; to prescribe a course of action in an authoritative way; to prohibit(inhe join)
265
ephemeral
lasting a very short time(yaha par rail)
266
epitaph
an inscription on a tombstone or burial place(ispe tough)
267
equitable
fair, just, embodying principles of justice(equal)
268
ennui
dissatisfaction and restlessness resulting from boredom or apathy(hindi-ub)(key-bahnoi)
269
egoist
Who is supremely selfish/believes in self advancement(key -ego)
270
egotist
a conceited and self-centered person(ego)
271
egocentric
thinking only of oneself; self-centered(key-ego+centre)
272
egomaniac
Someone who is extremely self-centered and ignores the problems and concerns of others.(ego+mania)
273
extrovert
a person who turns his or her attention outward toward other people,whose interest are turned outwards(key-extra)
274
exaggerate
To describe something as larger or greater than it really is.,overstate(hindi-badha chadha kar kahna)(key-isko rate)
275
extortionist
one who obtains something by force or threat,racketeer(hindi-dakoo)(key-extra son)
276
effigy
a crude dummy or image representing a hated person or group(hindi-pratima)(key-ye busy)
277
enchanter
wizard(chant)
278
exemplary
(adj.) worthy of imitation, commendable; serving as a model,ideal(key-example)
279
earthy
down-to-earth; realistic; coarse; low,unrefined; unsophisticated(earth)
280
EPISODE-86
episode-86
281
imbibe
(v.) to drink; to take in, absorb(iski wife)
282
blunder
a big mistake(blunder)
283
cave
a large underground chamber, typically of natural origin, in a hillside or cliff.(hindi-gufa)(key-keval)
284
hulk
large and heavy(halka)
285
damsel
a young unmarried woman(dam se)
286
demographer
person who studies growth, density, and other characteristics of the population(photo grapher)
287
exhaust
to use up; to drain(ekjust)
288
heir
a person legally entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death.(air)
289
peddler
a person who goes from door to door on foot trying to sell a product(hindi-feri wala)(key-paidal)
290
blatant
open and unshamed(black tent)
291
emulate
to imitate with the intent of equaling or surpassing the model,try to be equal(itna late)
292
boost
increase, raise, amplify(bos)
293
cadence
rhythmic flow of a sequence of sounds or words(cat dance)
294
passimistic
having or showing a lack of hope for the future(paise)
295
calligraphy
art of beautiful handwriting(calli+graphy)
296
reckless
without thinking or caring about the consequences of an action(necklace)
297
yearn
desire strongly or persistently(yarana)
298
charismatic
having or exhibiting a special magnetic charm or appeal,attractive(karishma)
299
glutton
someone who eats too much(hindi-petu)(key-golu tan)
300
cloak
a type of coat that has no sleeves, fastens at the neck, and hangs loosely from the shoulders, worn especially in the past,long gown/to hide(hindi-dhaka hua hona)(key-clock)
301
daunt
to intimidate, to dismay,frighten(daat)
302
fiends
wicked people; devils; demons(friends)
303
decency
Moral fitness.(decency)
304
espouse
(v.) to take up and support; to become attached to, adopt; to marry(hindi-sahara dena,vivah karna)(key-is bhaau)
305
Pandemic
an epidemic that is geographically widespread(pandey mitra)
306
EPISODE-88
episode-88
307
sanctity
the state or quality of being holy, sacred, or saintly(sine city)
308
factious
causing disagreement,conflicting,warring(key-factor)
309
unison
(n.) a sounding together; agreement or accord,harmony(unke son)
310
contemplate
to think about seriously(kaun se plate)
311
abortive
fruitless, useless, failing,futile(ab aur TV)
312
fain
pleased or willing under the circumstances,gladly,willingly(hindi-khus)(key-fan)
313
Detente
the easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries.(detergent)
314
eradicate
to root out, get rid of, destroy completely(error)
315
faint
unconsiousness(hindi-fan)
316
horde
a large group or crowd, especially one on the move(hor)
317
wanderlust
a strong desire to travel(wonderworld)
318
legend
a narrative handed down from the past, containing historical elements and usually supernatural elements,very old and popular story)
319
fad
something that is very popular for a short time, then forgotten,craze(faar)
320
maniac
one who has a madness for(mania)
321
abscond
to leave secretly; to flee(ab kaand)
322
purge
to wash away impurities, clean up(farj)
323
faculty
mental or bodily powers; teaching staff,ability,skill(faculty)
324
redundant
unnecessarily repetitive(pepsodant)
325
swathe
a broad strip or area of something(hindi-chauri patti)(key-swarth)
326
fallacious
false; misleading(false)
327
verbose
wordy, very talkative,using more words than necessary(bos)
328
refute
to prove to be false;discredit(hindi-khandan karna)
329
wretch
an unfortunate or unhappy person(rich)
330
fade
to lose brightness or color(fake)
331
EPISODE-89
episode-89
332
venom
poison(benaam)
333
solitary
being alone; lacking the company of others(so li)
334
errant
wandering or straying,one who does something wrong(hindi-pathvrast)(key-e rent)
335
jamboree
a large festive gathering(mugambo)
336
vestige
a trace or evidence of something that once existed(vestige)(hindi-pagdandi)
337
toxic
poisonous(dog sick)
338
rebellious
showing a desire to resist authority, control, or convention,one who opposes the system(rebel)
339
Solidarity
Support or sympathy; unity(saali dari)
340
thunderbolt
flash of lightning accompanied by thunder(thunder)
341
overestimate
make too high an estimate (rough calculation) of the worth or size of something or someone; overvalue; overrate(key-over+estimate)
342
edict
an official order(edit)
343
malady
a sickness, illness, disease, disorder(mayl)
344
uninterested
not interested(un+interested)
345
sizzle
(of food) make a hissing sound when frying or cooking.(seizure)
346
hideous
very ugly, offensive, shocking(hindi-darawana)
347
verily
In a completely truthful way(hindi-dridhta purwak)(key-birle)
348
renewable
which can be used again and again(re+new)
349
sporadic
occurring irregularly; recurring unpredictably(is pura)
350
mutilate
destroy or injure severely(mitti late)
351
laurels
honor, glory,praise(hindi-bahaduri ka puraskaar)(key-lo rel)
352
pyre
pile of wood for burning a dead body(hindi-chita)(key-payel)
353
Hallucinations
false sensory experiences(hello)
354
illicit
unlawful, illegal;forbidden(yaha sit)
355
incessant
never stopping, going on all the time(innocent)
356
spinster
a woman still unmarried beyond the usual age of marrying(inspector)
357
EPISODE-90
episode-90
358
fallow
inactive; unproductive(follow)
359
betray
to be disloyal to(battery)
360
deluge
a flood; an overwhelming rush(hindi-jal pralay,baad)(key-dekho huge)
361
blackguard
a man who behaves in a dishonorable way,who have no moral principles(black+guard)
362
abdicate
to give up a position, right, or power(ab dikkat)
363
blizzard
A heavy snowstorm with strong winds(lizard)
364
clasp
hold firmly and tightly(clap)
365
dab hand
an expert in something(dad ka hand)
366
thumping
a heavy dull sound (as made by impact of heavy objects)(key-thumbing)
367
daft
senseless, stupid, or foolish(demand draft)
368
elite
superior in status,(hindi-bisist barg)(key-ely)
369
abash
to embarrass(ab ass)
370
Felony
A serious crime(fail hone)
371
aberrant
abnormal or deviant(abbe rent)
372
impalpable
difficult for the mind to grasp,feel or understand(is pal)
373
jovial
cheerful and friendly(jo v hai)
374
outrage
a feeling of righteous anger(out roj)
375
perspire
to sweat(pars paya)
376
sadist
one who enjoys causing pain(sad)
377
thunder
the sudden loud noise that comes from the sky especially during a storm(thanda)
378
upbeat
pleasantly (even unrealistically) optimistic,cheerful(aap beat)
379
falter
stumble, hesitate,stutter(hindi-dagmagana,haklana)(key-fault)
380
clamour
to make a loud complaint or demand(glamour)
381
dabble
work at in a nonserious fashion; splash around; move noisily in a liquid(dabal)
382
egress
exit(ik race)
