PBL SEM1

Question 1

which of these is not a sign of shock?

a) low BP
b) thirstiness
c) extreme pallor
d) clammy skin

Answer 1

b - symptom

Question 2

dyspnoea is:

a) difficult or laboured breathing
b) shallow, rapid breathing that is difficult
c) deep, slow breahting that is difficult
d) shortness of breath

Answer 2

a

d - colloquial definition

Question 3

shock refers to:

a) improper circulatory function leading to total body hypoxia
b) low blood volume leading to organ failure
c) low blood volume causing inadequate oxygen to the body
d) improper circulatory function of adequate oxygen to the body

Answer 3

d

Question 4

true or false: blood volume and blood pressure are proportional

Answer 4

true

Question 5

true or false: burns can lead to hypovolemic shock which caused by decreased totoal peripheral resistance

Answer 5

False: hypovolemic shock is due to low stroke volume

Question 6

shock can be divided into two categories. what are they?

Answer 6

low stroke volume

decreased total peripheral resistance

Question 7

which of the following types of shock is not due to decreased total peripheral resistance?

a) neurogenic
b) anaphylactic
c) obstructive
d) septic

Answer 7

c - low stroke volume

Question 8

what type of shock is hypvolaemia, cardiogenic, and obstructive?

Answer 8

low stroke volume

Question 9

where is hypovolemia initially recognised in the body?

Answer 9

baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in aortic arch and carotid arteries

Question 10

During shock, patients often experience an increased heart rate. why?

a) patient is anxious from trauma
b) sympathetic nervous system releases adrenalin
c) sympathetic nervous system response to increase vasomotor tone
d) trying to compensate for blood loss

Answer 10

c

Question 11

during shock, angiotensin II and anti-diuretic hormone are released in an attempt to:

a) increase fluid retention to elevate blood pressure
b) decrease fluid retention so the heart has an easier job
c) a downstream effect of sympathetic nervous system
d) none of the above

Answer 11

a

Question 12

true or false: during shock, the body will switch to anaerobic metabolism due to hypoxia

Answer 12

true

Question 13

progressive shock is characterised by:

a) reversible shock if treated immediately
b) positive feedback mechanisms which causes more disruption
c) a small window where a patient can be brought back from irreversible shock if treated effectively
d) none of the above

Answer 13

b

Question 14

true or false: regarding shock, decreased BP leads to decreased stroke volume

Answer 14

true

Question 15

during shock, total peripheral resistance will:

a) remain consistent
b) worsen with decreasing BP
c) increase as a compensatory mechanism
d) worsen with blood loss volume

Answer 15

b

Question 16

true or false: during shock, fall in blood pH leads to increased vasoconstriction and decreased total peripheral resistance

Answer 16

false: leads to vasodilation

Question 17

true or false: colloids require less volume as they are able to stay longer in the intravascular space

Answer 17

true

Question 18

true or false: crystalloids will shift fluid from teh vascular space into the cells

Answer 18

true

Question 19

formula for blood pressure is:

Answer 19

peripheral vascular resistance x (stroke volume x heart rate)

Question 20

if the heart rate/systolic value >1 the patient is:

Answer 20

in shock

Question 21

fluid replacement for shock is recommended at a 3:1 ratio. which solution is generally recommended?

Answer 21

crystalloid

Question 22

John had a motor vehicle accident and was brought into emergency. his heart rate = 110bpm, blood pressure = 118/80 and respiratory rate = 24bpm. What class of shock is the patient in?

a) I
b) II
c) III
d) IV

Answer 22

b

Question 23

A patient with a 3-day history of vomiting presents to his general practice. His blood pressure = 100/60, respiratory rate = 35bpm and he states he has voided about 5ml of urine in the past hour. What type of shock is this patient in?

a) I
b) II
c) III
d) IV

Answer 23

c