Enzymes

Question 1

To catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions; transfer of H and O atoms or electrons from one substance to another

AH + B → A + BH (reduced)

A + O → AO (oxidized)

Answer 1

Oxidoreductases:

Dehydrogenase, oxidase, reductase

Question 2

Transfer of a functional group from one substance to another. The group may be methyl-, acyl-, amino- or phosphate group

AB + C → A + BC

Answer 2

Transferases

Transaminase, kinase

Question 3

Formation of two products from a substrate by hydrolysis

AB + H2O → AOH + BH

Answer 3

Hydrolases

Lipase, amylase, peptidase, phosphatase

Question 4

Non-hydrolytic addition or removal of groups from substrates. C-C, C-N, C-O or C-S bonds may be cleaved

RCOCOOH → RCOH + CO2

or [X-A+B-Y] → [A=B + X-Y]

Answer 4

Lyases

Decarboxylase

Question 5

Intramolecule rearrangement, i.e. isomerization changes within a single molecule

ABC → BCA

Answer 5

Isomerases

Isomerase, mutase

Question 6

Join together two molecules by synthesis of new C-O, C-S, C-N or C-C bonds with simultaneous breakdown of ATP

X + Y + ATP → XY + ADP + Pi

Answer 6

Ligases

Synthetase