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Axial Anatomy > Thoracic Spine > Flashcards

Thoracic Spine Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?

A

12

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2
Q

Does it have a lordosis or a kyphosis?

A

Kyphosis

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3
Q

What are the origins of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Sternum

Medial 1/3 clavicle

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4
Q

What are the insertions of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Mastoid process

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5
Q

What is the role of sternocleidomastoid in the thoracic spine?

A

Accessory muscles of respiration

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6
Q

What are the attachments of Quadratus Lumborum?

A

12th rib
Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
Iliac crest
Iliolumbar ligament

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7
Q

What is the function of Quadratus Lumborum in the thoracic spine?

A

Accessory muscle of respiration

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8
Q

What are the origins of the diaphragm?

A

Xiphoid process
7th-12th rib and their costal cartilages
L1-L3

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9
Q

What is the insertion of the diaphragm?

A

Central tendon

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10
Q

Function of the diaphragm

A

Core stability
Any active contraction during labour
Urinating
Vomiting

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11
Q

What are the attachments of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Superior and inferior margins of the ribs

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12
Q

What are the attachments of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Lateral edge of the costal groove of the rib superior and inferior

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13
Q

What are the attachments of the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

2nd-6th ribs and their costal cartilages

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14
Q

What are the functions of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Most active during inspiration
Stabilises the chest wall
Moves ribs superiority

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15
Q

What are the functions of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Most active during expiration

Moves ribs inferiorly

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16
Q

What are the functions of the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

They act within the internal intercostal muscles

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17
Q

What are the stabilisers in the thoracic spine?

A

Multifidus
Rotatores
Interspinales
Intertransversii

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18
Q

What are the 3 different layers of Errector Spinae?

A

Longissimus
Spinalis
Iliocostalis

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19
Q

Function of Errector Spinae within the thoracic spine?

A

Control of Flexion

Extension

20
Q

What are the atypical vertebrae?

A

T1

T10-T12

21
Q

What shape are the spinous processes?

A

Long
Downwards pointing
Overlapping

22
Q

What shape are the transverse processes?

A

Long

Thick rounded process with costal facet for articulation with tubercle of corresponding rib

23
Q

Which way do the articular processes project?

A

Project almost vertically

24
Q

What makes up the thoracic cage?

A 
Vertebral column 
Ribs 
Costal cartilages 
Intercostal spaces 
Sternum
25
Q

What is the function of the thoracic cage?

A

Protection of vital organs
Provides muscle attachment
Assists respiration

26
Q

What makes T1 atypical?

A

This vertebra articulates with a single facet of its’ own rib

27
Q

What makes T10 & T11 atypical vertebrae?

A

They lack inferior Demi-facets on their bodies

28
Q

What makes T11 & T12 atypical vertebrae?

A

They lack transverse costal facets, articulating only with the heads of their own ribs

29
Q

What is the thoracic rule of 3?

A 
T1, T2, T3 - SP and TP equal
T4, 5, 6 - SP 1/2 level below TP
T7, 8, 9 - SP 1 level below TP
T10 - SP 1 level below TP
T11 - SP 1/2 level below TP
T12 - SP and TP equal
30
Q

What ribs are the true ribs?

A

Upper 7 ribs

31
Q

Which ribs are the false ribs?

A

Remaining 5 pairs

32
Q

Which ribs are the floating ribs?

A

11 & 12

33
Q

What are the distinct features of ribs 1 & 2?

A

Rib 1 - flat, slopes inferiorly attaches to the manubrium, contains the scalene tubercle and 2 separate grooves
Rib 2 - like rib 1 but twice as long

34
Q

What are the contents of the intercostal spaces?

A

Intercostal veins and arteries
Intercostal nerve
Intercostal muscles

35
Q

What does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?

A

Extension

36
Q

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament limit?

A

Flexion

37
Q

What does ligamentum flavum limit?

A

Flexion

Rotation

38
Q

What are the joints in the thoracic spine?

A 
Intertransverse joint 
Facet joints 
Sternoclavicular joint 
Manubrio-Sternal joint 
Xiphisternal joint 
Costo-vertebral joint 
Costo-transverse joint
39
Q

What type of joint is the intertransverse joint?

A

Symphysis joint

40
Q

What type of joint are the facet joints?

A

Synovial plane

41
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle joint

42
Q

What type of joint is the manubrio-Sternal joint?

A

Symphysis

43
Q

What type of joint is the xiphisternal joint?

A

Synchondrosis

44
Q

What type of joint is the costo-vertebral joint?

A

Synovial plane

45
Q

What type of joint is the costotransverse joint?

A

Synovial plane joint

46
Q

What muscle actions occur at the thoracic spine?

A

Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation

47
Q

What accessory movements are there in the thoracic spine?

A

P-A spinous processes
P-A transverse processes
P-A rib angles

Axial Anatomy (3 decks)

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